Barite processing for industrial use – A bibliographic survey

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Abstract

Presented here is a bibliographic survey, which covers the work done in the period ranging from 1912 to 2023 on the various techniques employed in the processing of barite, along with the results obtained. This paper, the outcome of thorough research on various literature available from earlier studies, serves as a compendium of the major areas summarised in one paper. However, the objective of this paper was not to critique or review the outcomes of the various researchers. This article, which is essentially a one-stop guide handbook, will introduce the processing techniques used in barite processing, report the various research carried out by previous researchers using globally accepted processing techniques, and state the critical findings during the period under review. 

Graphical Abstract

Barite processing for industrial use – A bibliographic survey

Highlights

  • Barite processing is vital for several chemical end products and petroleum applications.
  • Barite processing can be achieved using physical and chemical techniques.
  • Physical processing techniques include hand sorting, conventional gravity concentration, magnetic separation, desliming and electrostatic separation.
  • Physicochemical separation techniques include froth flotation,  chemical separation operation, acidic leaching, and combination of processing techniques.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by IROST.

References

[1] Bulatovic, S. M. (2015). Handbook of Flotation Reagents: Chemistry, Theory and Practice, Vol. 3: Flotation of Industrial Minerals (pp. 1-222), Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-17332-4
[2] Essalhi, M., Mrani, D., Essalhi, A., Toummite, A., & Ali-Ammar, H. (2018). Evidence of A High Quality Barite in Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco: A Nonupgraded Potential. Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 9(4), 1366-1378. https://doi.org/10.26872/jmes.2017.9.4.149
[3] Ibrahim, D. S., Sami, N. A., & Balasubramanian, N. (2017). Effect of Barite and Gas Oil Drilling Fluid Additives on The Reservoir Rock Characteristics. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 7, 281-292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-016-0258-2
[4] Kecir, M., & Kecir, A. (2015). Selective Flotation of Barite and Associated Minerals: A Comparative Study. Journal of the Polish Mineral Engineering Society, 2(2), 117-124. https://doi.org/10.29227/IM-2015-02-20
[5] Bhatti, M. A., Kazmi, K. R., Mehmood R., Ahad, A., Tabbassum, A., & Akram, A. (2017). Beneficiation Study on Barite Ore of Duddar Area, District Lasbela, Balochistan Province, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences, 60(1), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.60.1.2017.9.22
[6] Raju, G. B., Ratchambigai, S., Rao, M. A., Vasumathi, N., Vijaya Kumar, T. V., Prabhakar, S., & Rao, S. S. (2016). Beneficiation of Barite Dumps by Flotation Column; Lab-Scale Studies to Commercial Production. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 69(1), 75-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-015-0700-z
[7] Labe, N. A., Ogunleye, P. O., Ibrahim, A. A., Fajulugbe, T., & Gbadema, S. T. (2018). Review of The Occurrence and Structural Controls of Barite Resources of Nigeria. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 5(3), 1207-1216. https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2018.053.1207
[8]  Miles, W. J. (2009).  Impact of China on Drilling Grade Barite - Introduction - Preprint 09-129. Retrieved from https://onemine.org/documents/impact-of-china-on-drilling-grade-barite-introduction-preprint-09-129
[9] Ba geri, B. S., Mahmoud, M., Abdulraheem, A., Al-Mutairi, S. H., Elkatatny, S. M., & Shawabkeh, R. A. (2016). Single Stage Filter Cake Removal of Barite Weighted Water Based Drilling Fluid. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 149, 476-484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2016.10.059
[10] Searls, J. P. (2000). Barite. U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook-2000, pp. 1-8. Retrieved from https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/barite-statistics-and-information
[11] Luz, A.B., Baltar, C. A. M. (2005). Usos E Especificacoes, Barita. In: da Luz, A. B., & Lins, F. F. (Eds.), Rochas E Minerais Industriais, Usos E Especificacoes, Rio de Janeiro: Centro de Tecnologia Mineral-Ministerio da Ciencia E Tecnologia (CETEM/MCT), Parte II, Cap. 12, pp. 263-277. Retrieved from https://mineralis.cetem.gov.br/handle/cetem/1048
[12] Raw Materials Research and Development Council, (2010). Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Abuja. Non-metallic Mineral Endowments in Nigeria, pp. 10-12. Retrieved from https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/non_metallic_raw_materials.pdf
[13] Ene, E. G., Okogbue, C. O., & Dim, C. I. P. (2012). Structural Styles and Economic Potentials of Some Barite Deposits in The Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria. Romanian Journal of Earth Sciences, 86(1), 27-40. Retrieved from https://igr.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Vol-86-2012-Ene-barite.pdf
[14] Akpan, A. E., Ebong, E. D., Ekwok, S. E., & Joseph, S. (2014). Geophysical and Geological Studies of the Spread and Industrial Quality of Okurike Barite Deposit. American Journal of Environmental Science, 10(6), 566-574. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2014.566.574
[15] Huang T., Lei, S., Wang, E., & Bao, G. (2013). Progress of Purification and Application of Barite. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 423-426, 511-514. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.423-426.511
[16] Andrews, P. R. A., &  Collings, R. K. (1990). Beneficiation of Barite: A Review of Processing Studies at CANMET. Mining Engineering, 457-461. Retrieved from https://onemine.org/documents/beneficiation-of-barite-a-review-of-processing-studies-at-canmet
[17] Çifiҫi, M. S., & Kumuru, C. (1985). Eskisehir-Sivrihisar-Beylikahir-Küҫükhöyüklü Tepe Nadir Toprak Oksitli-Baritli flourit Cevherinin Zenginleştirilmesi, M.T.A. Maden Analizleri Ve Teknolojisi Daresi Başkanliği Cevher Zenginleştirme laboratuvar ve Pilot Tesisleri Yöneticiliği, Mayis, Lab. No. 5561, Proje no. 84-32a.
[18] Yüce, A. E., Doğan, M. Z., Önal, G., & Ipekoğlu, B. (1992). The Beneficiation of Fluorite and Barite from Beylikahir-Eskişehir Complex Ores. Aufbereitungs-Technik, 33(5), 274-281.
[19] Wang, H. J. Dai, H. X. Yang, W. L., & Li, T. T. (2014). Research on The Flotation Experiment of a Low-Grade Barite Ore in Myanmar. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 644-650, 5277-5280. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.644-650.5277
[20] Batouche, T., Bouzenzena, A., & Messai, A. (2018). Beneficiation Methods of Barite Ore in Algeria [Poster presentation]. 9ème congrès national de la Société Algérienne de Chimie USTHB, Algeria.
[21] Nzeh, N. S., & Hassan, S. B. (2017). Gravity Separation and Leaching Beneficiation study of Azara Nassarawa Barite Mineral Ore. Global Journal of Researches in Engineering, 17(J5), 41-46. Retrieved from https://engineeringresearch.org/index.php/GJRE/article/view/1722
[22] Kolawole, F. O., Bergerman, M. G., Ulsen, C., & Kolawole, S. K. (2019). A Global Review of Barite Beneficiation Processes: A Case Study of Azara Barite Ores in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 26(1), 65-76.
[23] Nzeh, N. S., & Popoola, A. P. I. (2023). Exploration and Characterization of Barite Mineral from Azara Nassarawa Ore Deposits for Suitability in Industrial Applications. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 59(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/166104
[24] Parsonage, P. (1988). Principles of Mineral Separation by Selective Magnetic Coating. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 24(3-4), 269-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(88)90045-2
[25] Shaikh, A. M. H., Banerjee, S. S., & Dixit, S. G. (1994). Use of Magnetic Surfactants in The High Gradient Magnetic Separation of Esentially Nonmagnetic Calcite and Barite. Separations Technology 4(3), 174-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-9618(94)80020-0
 [26] Jakabsky, S., Karoli, A., Hredzak, S., Lovas, M., & Znamenackova, I. (2010). Possibilities of Processing and Utilization of Tailings from the Settling Pit Nearby The Rudnany Village (Eastern Slovakia), Mineralia Slovaca, 42(3), 305-308. Retrieved from https://www.geology.sk/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/MS_3_10_06_Jakabsky_et_al.pdf
[27] Conover, C. C., & Morris, E. R. (1912). A Process for the Separation of Barite and Sphalerite. [Bachelors Theses. 227, Missouri University of Science and Technology]. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/bachelors_theses/227/
[28] Wyman, R. A. (1970). Experimental Work on Barite from Yarrow. Ontario. ANMET. Energy, Manes and Resources Canada, Division Report 70, 51 (IR).
[29] Bittner, J. D., Hrach, F. J., Gasiorowski, S. A., Canellopoulus, L. A., & Guicherd, H. (2014). Triboelectric Belt Separator for Beneficiation of Fine Minerals. Procedia Engineering, 83, 122-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.09.021
[30] Bittner, J. D., Flynn, K. P., & Hrach, F. J. (2014). Expanding Applications in Dry Triboelectric Separation of Minerals [Paper presentation]. XXVII International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC2014), Santiago, Chille. Retrieved from https://steqtech.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/IMPC-2014-Bittner-et-al-revised-140808.pdf
[31] Ahmed, M. M. (2007). Effect of Comminution on Particle Shape and Surface Roughness and Their Relation to Flotation Process. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 94(3-4), 180-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2010.02.007
[32] Rabatho, J. P., Tongamp, W., Shibayama, A.,Takasaki, Y., Nitta S., & Imai, T. (2011). Investigation of a Flotation Process with De-Sliming and Attrition to Upgrade and Recover Cu and Mo from a Cu-Mo Flotation Tailing. Materials Transactions, 52(4) 746-752. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.M-M2011803
[33] Tingting, L., Siqing, .L, Yang, Z., & Hongjun, W. (2014). Experimental Research on Flotation of a Low-grade Barite Ore in Myanmar. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 35(4), 36-39. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2014.04.008
[34] Taner, H., & Onen, V. (2016). Control of Clay Minerals Effect in Flotation. A Review [Paper presentation].  Mineral Engineering Conference. EDP Sciences, Swieradow-Zdroj, Poland. Retrieved from https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2016/03/e3sconf_mec2016_01062.pdf
[35] Yu, Y., Ma, L., Cao, M., & Liu, Q. (2017). Slime Coatings in Froth Flotation: A Review. Minerals Engineering, 114, 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2017.09.002
[36] Estefan, S. F. (1974). Radiometric Study of the Adsorption of Chromate Ions in Anionic FIotation of Barite and CeIestite Minerals. Powder Technology, 9(1), 19-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(74)80004-5
[37] Martinez, F., Hangensen, R. B., & Kudryk, V. (1975). Application of New Techniques in Developing a Barite Flotation Process. Transaction SME/AIME, 258(1), 27-30.
[38] Bolin, N. S. (1983). Production of Barite and Fluorspar from Milling Waste. Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, 12(3), 137-141.
[39] Houot, R., Save, M., Fromique, B., & Vigoureux, P. (1985). Industrial Sulphonates and Barite Flotation.   Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy, Section C: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 12(94), C195-C200.
[40] Marinakis, K. I., & Shergold, H. L. (1985). The Mechanism of Fatty Acid Adsorption in The Presence of Fluorite, Calcite and Barite. International of Mineral Processing, 14(3), 161-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(85)90001-8
[41] De Cuyper, J., & Broekaert, E. (1986). Flotation of a Complex Ore Containing Barite and Fluorspar, Using Alkyl-Sulfates and Sulfonates as Respective Collectors    [Paper presentation]. 1st International Mineral Processing Symposium, İzmir, Turkey.
[42] Slaczke, A. S. (1987). Effects of an Ultrasonic Field on the Flotation Selectivity of Barite from a Barite-Fluorite-Quartz Ore. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 20(3-4), 193-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(87)90066-4
[43] Ciccu, R., Curreli, L., Giuliani, S., Manca, P. P., & Massacci, G. (1987). Optimization of an Integrated Flowsheet for Barite Processing [Paper presentation]. Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on the Application of Computers and Mathematics in the Mineral Industries (APCOM 87). Johannesburg, South Africa. Retrieved from https://www.saimm.co.za/Conferences/Apcom87Metallurgy/281-Ciccu
[44] Harris, M. J. (1988). Barite Flotation. El Cuervo Butte,  New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources. Open File Report #336. https://doi.org/10.58799/OFR-336
[45] Meker, B., Schulz, G., Cichos, Ch., & Richter, H. (1991). A Processing Technology for Heavily Weathered Rare Earth Ores of Dong Pao/Vietnam. XVII International mineral Processing Congress, Dresden, Germany.
[46] Sadowski, Z. (1992). The Influence of Sodium Lignin Sulfonate on the Adsorption of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Salt-Type Mineral Surfaces. Minerals Engineering, 5(3-5), 421-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(92)90221-T
[47] Hernáinz, B., & Calero, H. M. (1993). Influence of Quebracho and Sodium Silicate on Flotation of Celestite and Calcite with Sodium Oleate. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 37(3-4), 283-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(93)90032-6
[48] Hadjiev, A., Hadjiev, P., & Georgiev, R. (2000). Flotation of Barite from Complex Iron Ore. Processing of Fines (2), 222-230. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/reader/297712288
[49] Sönmez, İ., & Cebeci, Y. (2003). A Study on Spherical Oil Agglomeration of Barite Suspensions. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 71(1-4), 219-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-7516(03)00060-7
[50] Pradip & Rai, B. (2003). Molecular Modeling and Rational Design of Flotation Reagents. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 72(1-4), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-7516(03)00090-5
[51] Ulusoy, U., & Yekeler, M. (2007). Floatability of Barite Particles with Different Shapes and Roughness. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 14(6), 616-625. Retrieved from https://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/1183
[52] Gurpinar, G., Sonmez, E., & Bozkurt, V. (2004). Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on Flotation of Calcite, Barite and Quartz. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 113(2), 91-95. https://doi.org/10.1179/037195504225005796
[53] Raju, G. B., Prabhakar, S., & Rao, S. S. (2004). Studies on the Beneficiation of Barite [Paper presentation]. International Seminar on Mineral Processing Technology (MPT-2004), Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR) Bhubaneswar, Orissa.
[54] Singh, R., Banerjee, B., Bhattacharyya, K. K., & Srivastava, J. P. (2007). Up-Gradation of Barite Waste to Marketable Grade Concentrate [Paper presentation]. Proceedings of the XXIII International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC), Chicago, IL, USA. Retrieved from https://eprints.nmlindia.org/4162/1/Ratnakar_singh_-_XXIII.......congress.PDF
[55] Lu, S. S. (2010). Research on Basic Floatability of Barite and Effect of Fe3+ on Sodium Oleate Flotation System. 8th Annual meeting of China Nonferrous Metals Society, China.
[56] Achusim-Udenko, A. U., Gerald, A. C. O.,  Martins, O. & Ausaji, A. (2011). Flotation Recovery of Barite from Ore Using Palm Bunch-Based Collector. International Journal of Chemical Sciences, 9(3),1518-1524. Retrieved from https://www.tsijournals.com/abstract/flotation-recovery-of-barite-from-ore-using-palm-bunch-based-collector-11043.html
[57] Zhao, Y., Liu, S., Li, X., Li, T., & Hou, K. (2014). Recovery of Low-Grade Barite Ore by Flotation in The Southwest Area of China. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 543-547, 3865-3868. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.543-547.3865
[58] Wanga, H. J. Dai, H. X. Yang, W. L., & Li, T. T. (2014). Research on the Flotation Experiment of a Low-Grade Barite Ore in Myanmar. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 644-650, 5277-5280. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5277
[59] Kecir, M., & Kecir, A. (2016). Efficiency of Barite Flotation Reagents a Comparative Study. Inzynieria Mineral, 17(2), 269-278. https://doi.org/10.29227/IM-2016-02-31
[60] Bulatovic, S. M. (2015). Handbook of Flotation Reagents: Chemistry, Theory and Practice, Elsevier.
[61] Shekiladze, A., Kavtelashvili, O., & Bagnashvili, M. (2016). Development of Technology for Enrichment of Silver Containing Ores. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 44(5), 052009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/44/5/052009
[62] Demeekul, N., Sikong, L., & Masniyom, M. (2016). Influence of Air Flow Rate and Immersion Depth of Designed Flotation Cell on Barite Beneficiation. In Materials Science Forum (Vol. 867, pp. 66-70). Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.867.66
[63] Raju, G. B., Ratchambigai, S., Rao, M. A., Vasumathi, N., Vijaya Kumar, T. V., Prabhakar, S., & Rao, S. S. (2016). Beneficiation of Barite Dumps by Flotation Column; Lab-Scale Sudies to Commercial Production. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 69(1), 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-015-0700-z
[64] Ren, Z., Yu, F., Gao, H., Chen, Z., Peng, Y., & Liu, L, (2017). Selective Separation of Fluorite, Brite and Calcite with Valonea Extract and Sodium Fluosilicate as Depressants. Minerals, 7(2), 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7020024
[65] Chen, Z., Ren, Z., Gao, H., Qian, Y., & Zheng, R. (2018). Effect of Modified Starch on Separation of Fuorite from Barite Using Sodium Oleate. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 54(2), 228-237. https://doi.org/10.5277/ppmp1806
[66] Chen, X., Gu, G., Liu, D., & Zhu, R. (2019). The Flotation Separation of Barite-Calcite Using Sodium Silicate as Depressant in The Presence of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 55(2), 346-355. https://doi.org/10.5277/ppmp18136
[67] Denga, J., Liub, C., Yang, S., Lid, H., & Liue, Y. (2019). Flotation Separation of Barite from Calcite Using Acidified Water Glass as the Depressant. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 579, 123605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123605
[68] Lu, Y., Liu, W., Wang, X., Cheng, H., Cheng, F., & Miller, J. D. (2020). Lauryl Phosphate Flotation Chemistry in Barite Flotation. Minerals, 10(3), 280. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10030280
[69] Liu, C., Zhou, M., Xia, L., Fu, W., Zhou,W., & Yang, S. (2021). The Utilization of Citric Acid as a Depressant for The Flotation Separation of Barite from Fluorite. Minerals Engineering, 156, 106491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106491
[70] Oyelola, O. A., Olatunde, B. J., Omoyemi, O. O., Abosede, O. A., & Amos, O. T. (2021). Purification of Kiana Barite for The Purpose of Advance Materials Processing. Materials Today: Proceedings, 38(Part 2), 1102-1106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.149
[71] Xiong, W., Deng, J., Zhao, K., Wang, W., Wang, Y., & Wei, D. (2020). Bastnaesite, Barite, and Calcite Flotation Behaviors with Salicylhydroxamic Acid as the Collector. Minerals, 10(3), 282. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10030282
[72] Afolayan, D. O., Adetunji, A. A., Onwualu, A. P., Ogolo, O., & Amankwa, R. K. (2021). Characterization of Barite Reserves in Nigeria for Use as Weighting Agent in Drilling Fluid. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 11, 2157-2178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01164-8
[73] Deniz, V., Umucu, A., & Deniz, O. T. (2022). Estimation of Grade and Recovery in The Concentration of Barite Tailings by The Flotation Using the MLR and ANN Analyses. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 58(5), 150646. https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/150646
[74] Khan, S. A., & Khan, H. (2002). Enrichment of Barite Deposit of NWFP for Commercial Utilization. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 25(3), 181-184. Retrieved from https://jcsp.org.pk/ArticleUpload/1635-7424-1-CE.pdf
[75] Khan, H., Kanwal, F., & Aurangzaib M. (2003). Studies on The Beneficiation of Gunga Barite with Different Concentrations of Hydrochloric Acid. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 24(3), 44-48. Retrieved from https://jcsp.org.pk/ArticleUpload/1399-6319-1-PB.pdf
[76] Ibisi, M. I. (1991). Characterization and Upgrading of a Nigerian Barite Sand. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio, 30(2), 101-103. Retrieved from https://boletines.secv.es/upload/199130101.pdf
[77] Ozbas, K. E., & Hicyilmaz, C. (1994). Concentration of Barite and Fluorite Minerals of Eskisehir-Beylikahir District. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 28(1), 65-74. Retrieved from https://www.journalssystem.com/ppmp/pdf-79913-15913
[78] Nwoko, V. O., & Onyemaobi, O. O. (1997). Beneficiation Study on a Nigerian Barite Ore for Industrial Use. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 13(1), 76-78. Retrieved from https://www.jmst.org/EN/Y1997/V13/I1/76
[79] Oladapo, M. I., & Adeoye-Oladapo, O. O. (2011). Geophysical Investigation of Barite Deposit in Tunga, Northeastern Nigeria. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 6(20), 4760-4774. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.337
[80] Grigorova, I. L., Dzhamyarov, S. D., & Nishkov, I. M. (2014). Tailings Characterization of “Chelopechene” Tailings Pond. Journal of International Scientific Publications: Materials, Methods and Technologies, 8, 778-785. https://www.scientific-publications.net/en/article/1000230/
[81] Deniz, V., & Guler, T. (2018). Production of White Barite from Barite Concentrates of Shaking Tables by Bleaching Process after Magnetic Methods. Inżynieria Mineralna, R. 19, 1(1), 77-82. https://doi.org/10.29227/IM-2018-01-12
[82] Mgbemere, H. E., Obidiegwu, E. O., & Bareki, E. (2018). Beneficiation of Azara Barite Ore Using a Combination of Jigging, Froth Flotation and Leaching. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 37(4), 957-962. https://doi.org/10.4314/njt.v37i4.14
[83] Mgbemere, H. E., Hassan, S. B., & Sunmola, J. A. (2019). Beneficiation of Barite Ore from Azara in Nassarawa State, Nigeria, Using Froth Flotation. Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, 16(1) 43-48. https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v16i1.6
[84] Philips, N. U., & Paul, D. (2023). Beneficiation, Characterization and Application of Akpet 1 Barite for Potential Use in Drilling Operations. Journal of Advanced Science and Optimization Research (JASOR), 27(9), 137-152. Retrieved from https://www.cambridgenigeriapub.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/SJASOR_VOL27_NO9_MAR-2023-9.pdf
[85] Popoola, L. T. & Fadayini, O. (2023). Optimization of Azare Low-Grade Barite Beneficiation: Comparative Study of Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network Approach. Heliyon, 9(4), e15338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15338
[86] Boamah, K. S. (2019). Comparative Analysis of Barite Production in Africa [Master of Science thesis, African University of Science and Technology]. https://repository.aust.edu.ng/xmlui/handle/123456789/4932
 
Journal of Particle Science and Technology
Volume 10, Issue 1
May 2024
Pages 19-32

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 27 January 2024
  • Revise Date: 01 May 2024
  • Accept Date: 17 May 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics