Effect of process parameters on quality properties and drying time of hawthorn in a vibro-fluidized bed dryer

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Department of Chemical Engineering, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

Abstract

The drying kinetics of hawthorn in a pilot-scale experimental fluidized bed dryer with and without vibration was investigated. The effect of operating parameters, such as vibration intensity, drying air flow rate, and temperature, on the drying rate and shrinkage of hawthorn was studied. The hawthorn fruit was dried at various drying air temperatures ranging from 40-70oC and drying air volume flow rates ranging from 22-30 m3/h with the vibration intensity ranging from 6.8 to 8.2 Hz. The entire drying process occurred in the falling rate period and no constant rate period was observed in the drying of hawthorn. Four mathematical drying models investigating the drying behavior of hawthorn were evaluated and then the experimental moisture data were fitted in these models. The quality of the models fitting was assessed using the coefficient of determination, chi-square and root mean square error. The logarithmic and Page models for drying rate and the Ratti and Vazquez models for shrinkage were found to be the most suitable for describing the drying and shrinkage curves of hawthorn. The results showed that the vibration intensity, drying air temperature and flow rate has no significant effect on the shrinkage of hawthorn. All mentioned parameters had a significant effect on the drying rate of hawthorn, but the effect of drying air temperature was considerably more compared to the other parameters. It was observed that shrinkage varies linearly with respect to moisture content, and the reduction in radial dimension of hawthorn samples was around 40% at the end of the drying process.

Highlights

  • The kinetic drying of hawthorn in a fluidized bed dryer with and without vibration was studied.
  • Effect of vibration intensity, drying air temperature and flow rate on drying rate and shrinkage of hawthorn was investigated.
  • All the drying process occurred in the falling rate period and no constant rate period was observed in the drying of hawthorn.
  • The vibration intensity, drying air temperatures and flow rate had no significant effect on the shrinkage of Hawthorn but has a significant effect on its drying rate.
  • The shrinkage varies linearly with respect to moisture content, and the reduction in radial dimension of hawthorn samples was around 40% at the end of the drying process.

Keywords


[1]J.Aprajeeta,R. Gopirajah,C.Anandharamakrishnan, Shrinkage and porosity effects on heat and mass transfer during potato drying, J. Food Eng. 144 (2015) 119-128.
[2] S. Meziane, Drying kinetics of olive pomace in a fluidized bed dryer, Energ. Convers. Manage. 52 (2011) 1644-1649.
[3] I. Białobrzewski, M. Zielińska, A.S. Mujumdar, M. Markowski, Heat and mass transfer during drying of a bed of shrinking particles–Simulation for carrot cubes dried in a spout-fluidized-bed drier, Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 51 (2008) 4704-4716.
[4] E. Jaraiz, S. Kimura, O. Levenspiel, Vibrating beds of fine particles: estimation of interparticle forces from expansion and pressure drop experiments, Powder Technol. 72 (1992) 23-30.
[5] R. Moreno, R. Rios, H. Calbucura, Batch vibrating fluid bed dryer for sawdust particles: experimental results, Dry. Technol. 18 (2000) 1481-1493.
[6] M. Stakić, T. Urošević, Experimental study and simulation of vibrated fluidized bed drying, Chem. Eng. Process. 50 (2011) 428-437.
[7] M. Prado, Drying of dates (Phoenix Dactyulifera L.) to obtain dried date (passa), Campinas, UNICAMP, 1998. [8] L. Mayor, A. Sereno, Modelling shrinkage during convective drying of food materials: a review, J. Food Eng. 61(3) (2004) 373-386.
[9] I. Sjöholm, V. Gekas, Apple shrinkage upon drying, J. Food Eng. 25 (1995) 123-130.
[10] N. Wang, J. Brennan, Changes in structure, density and porosity of potato during dehydration, J. Food Eng. 24 (1995) 61-76.
[11] W. Senadeera, B.R. Bhandari, G. Young, B. Wijesinghe, Influence of shapes of selected vegetable materials on drying kinetics during fluidized bed drying, J. Food Eng. 58 (2003) 277-283.
[12] B.A. Souraki, D. Mowla, Axial and radial moisture diffusivity in cylindrical fresh green beans in a fluidized bed dryer with energy carrier: Modeling with and without shrinkage, J. Food Eng. 88 (2008) 9-19.
[13] G. Hashemi, D. Mowla, M. Kazemeini, Moisture diffusivity and shrinkage of broad beans during bulk drying in an inert medium fluidized bed dryer assisted by dielectric heating, J. Food Eng. 92 (2009) 331-338.
[14] E. Marring, A. Hoffmann, L. Janssen, The effect of vibration on the fluidization behaviour of some cohesive powders, Powder Technol. 79 (1994) 1-10.
[15] G. Jinescu, C. Tebrencu, E. Ionescu, M. Petrescu, C. Jinescu, Hydrodynamic aspects at vibratedfluidized drying of polydisperse powdery materials, in International Drying Symposium IDS2000, 2000.
[16] A. Karbassi, Z. Mehdizadeh, Drying rough rice in a fluidized bed dryer, J. Agr. Sci. Tech.-Iran. 10 (2010) 233-241.
[17] D. Kunii, O. Levenspiel, Fluidization Engineering. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, 1991.
[18] S. Mori, Vibro-fluidization of group-c particles and its industrial application, in AIChE Symp. Ser. 1990.
[19] M. Sadeghi, M. Khoshtaghaza, Vibration effect on particle bed aerodynamic behavior and thermal performance of black tea in fluidized bed dryers, J. Agr. Sci. Tech.-Iran. 14 (2012) 781-788.
[20] R.d.A.B. Lima, M. do Carmo Ferreira, Fluidized and vibrofluidized shallow beds of fresh leaves, Particuology 9 (2011) 139-147.
[21] A.S. Costa, F.B. Freire, J. Freire, M. Ferreira, Modelling drying pastes in vibrofluidized bed with inert particles, Chem. Eng. Process. 103 (2016) 1-11.
[22] J.F. Nunes, F.C.A. de Alcântara, V.A. da Silva Moris, S.C. dos Santos Rocha, Fluid dynamics and coating of sodium bicarbonate in a vibrofluidized bed, Chem. Eng. Process. 52 (2012) 34-40.
[23] C. Fyhr, I.C. Kemp, Mathematical modelling of batch and continuous well-mixed fluidised bed dryers, Chem. Eng. Process. 38 (1999) 11-18.
[24] E.F. Zanoelo, A theoretical and experimental study of simultaneous heat and mass transport resistances in a shallow fluidized bed dryer of mate leaves, Chem. Eng. Process. 46 (2007) 1365-1375.
[25] R. Amiri Chayjan, M. Kaveh, Physical parameters and kinetic modeling of fix and fluid bed drying of terebinth seeds, J. Food Process. Pres. 38 (2014) 1307-1320.
[26] S. Aral, A.V. Beşe, Convective drying of hawthorn fruit (Crataegus spp.): Effect of experimental parameters on drying kinetics, color, shrinkage, and rehydration capacity, Food Chem. 210 (2016) 577-584.
[27] S. Mercier, S. Villeneuve, M. Mondor, L.-P. Des Marchais, Evolution of porosity, shrinkage and density of pasta fortified with pea protein concentrate during drying, LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 44 (2011) 883-890.
[28] İ. Doymaz, Convective drying kinetics of strawberry, Chem. Eng. Process. 47 (2008) 914-919.
[29] C. Hii, C. Law, M. Cloke, Modeling using a new thin layer drying model and product quality of cocoa, J. Food Eng. 90 (2009) 191-198.
[30] C. Ertekin, O. Yaldiz, Drying of eggplant and selection of a suitable thin layer drying model, J. Food Eng. 63 (2004) 349-359.
[31] H.O. Menges, C. Ertekin, Thin layer drying model for treated and untreated Stanley plums, Energ. Convers. Manage. 47 (2006) 2337-2348.
[32] O. Molerus, K.-E. Wirth, Heat transfer in fluidized beds, Vol. 11, Springer Science & Business Media, 2012.
[33] F. Göğüş, M. Maskan, Air drying characteristics of solid waste (pomace) of olive oil processing, J. Food Eng. 72 (2006) 378-382.
[34] I. Doymaz, O. Gorel, N.A. Akgun, Drying Characteristics of the Solid By-product of Olive Oil Extraction, Biosyst. Eng. 88 (2004) 213-219.
[35] N.A. Akgun, I. Doymaz, Modelling of olive cake thin-layer drying process, J. Food Eng. 68 (2005) 455-461.
[36] K. Sacilik, R. Keskin, A.K. Elicin, Mathematical modelling of solar tunnel drying of thin layer organic tomato, J. Food Eng. 73 (2006) 231-238.
[37] E.K. Akpinar, Y. Bicer, Mathematical modelling of thin layer drying process of long green pepper in solar dryer and under open sun, Energ. Convers. Manage. 49 (2008) 1367-1375.
[38] S.J. Babalis, V.G. Belessiotis, Influence of the drying conditions on the drying constants and moisture diffusivity during the thin-layer drying of figs, J. Food Eng. 65 (2004) 449-458.