Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology Journal of Particle Science and Technology 2423-4087 12 1 2026 06 01 Optimization and characterization of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by the extract of the thyme plant 21 28 1740 10.22104/jpst.2026.8413.1297 EN Amin Baghizadeh Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran 0000-0001-5587-2621 Fereshteh Fakhrabadipoor Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Mohammadali Ebrahimi Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2026 07 11 Nanotechnology is an attractive research field due to the production of nanoparticles in different sizes, shapes, chemical compositions, and distributions, and their many applications for humans. The fabrication, manipulation, and use of metallic nanoparticles are of great importance due to their reduced dimensions and, as a result, their unique thermal, optical, and electronic properties. Most nanoparticle synthesis techniques are inefficient considering material and energy consumption. In most chemical methods, dangerous chemical materials to humans and the environment are used. Accordingly, there is a demand for nanoparticle production using biological methods. Biological nanoparticle production methods have priority over physical and chemical methods considering energy cost, time reduction, and use of natural solvents. Currently, silver nanoparticles are one of the most commercial nanomaterials. In this research, silver nanoparticles were produced using thyme plant extract obtained using biological methods without any chemical materials. Various synthesis parameters such as temperature, pH, and synthesis time were optimized. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various methods, including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and zeta potential. The synthesized nanoparticles are spherical, with a mean diameter of 38.9 ± 10.4 nm (range 20–60 nm) as measured by TEM. Results show that biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using thyme extract is a successful, cost-effective, and time-efficient method. https://jpst.irost.ir/article_1740_54f5f4071faca32ad5285fef87b78646.pdf