ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Computational study of electronic, spectroscopic, and chemical properties of (CdO)n (n=1-7) nanoclusters as a transparent conducting oxide
An ab initio study has been performed for the electronic, spectroscopic, and chemical properties of the most stable configuration of the (CdO)n nanoclusters by employing B3LYP-DFT/LanL2DZ method. Different isomers were optimized to obtain structural stability and numerous chemical parameters such as dipole moment, ionization potential, etc. We report here the vibrational frequencies of the most stable configuration of (CdO)n nanoclusters. We found that, the highest vibrational frequencies of each (CdO)n nanoclusters arise from the asymmetrical stretching vibrations while the lower frequencies correspond twisting, bending and the out-of-plane vibrations of Cd and O atoms. Our results show that, the (CdO)2 nanocluster with the ring structure and the smallest HOMO-LUMO gap (HLG = 1.897) has the smallest hardness (ɳ = 0.95) and consequently is expected to has the highest chemical reactivity.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_266_45812e64bdbb77edef1ae8a7bddac651.pdf
2015-12-01
195
204
10.22104/jpst.2015.266
Nanocluster
Cadmium Oxide
IR Spectra
DOS
DFT
Razieh
Habibpour
habibpour@irost.ir
1
Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, P.O. BOX 3353-5111, Tehran, I. R. Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Raheleh
Vaziri
mkm.vaziri@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. BOX 19395-3697, Tehran , I. R. Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] I. N. Demchenko, M. Chernyshova, T. Tyliszczak, J. D. Denlinger, K. Yu, D. T. Speaks, O. Hemmers, W. Walukiewicz, G.
1
Derkachov, K. Lawniczak-Jablonska, Electronic structure of CdO studied by soft X-ray spectroscopy, J. Electron. Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 184 (2011) 249–253.
2
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3
[3] N. Singh, S. Charan, K. R. Patil, A. K. Viswanath, P. K. Khanna, Unusual formation of nano-particles of CdO and Cd(OH)2 from the reaction of dimethyl cadmium with DMF, Mater. Lett. 60 (2006) 3492–3498.
4
[4] F. Yakuphanoglu, M. Caglar, Y. Caglar, S. Ilican, Electrical characterization of nanocluster n-CdO/p-Si heterojunction diode, J. Alloys. Compd. 506 (2010) 188–193.
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[5] J. Chang, V. V. Todkar, R. S. Mane, D. Ham, T. Ganesh, S. H. Han, Electrochemical capacitive properties of micron-sized chemically grown cadmium oxide discrete crystals, Physica E: Low. Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 41 (2009)
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[18] R. Srinivasaraghavana, R. Chandiramoulib, B. G. Jeyaprakashb, S. Seshadrid, Quantum chemical studies on CdO nanoclusters stability, Spectrochim. Acta Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 102 (2013) 242–249.
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31
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32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Rheological properties of modified Bitumen: Comparison of waste polymers’ performance
In this investigation, rheological properties of three different polymer-modified bitumen compounds containing recycled polyethylene terephthalate (R-PET), crumb rubber (CR) and poly (styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS) are evaluated and compared. The modified samples were tested by a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) where complex modulus (G*), phase angle (δ) and rutting resistance (G*/Sinδ) of specimens were measured at different temperatures. The obtained results show that the optimum rheological properties will be gained when 7% wt. of a modifier mixture containing R-PET/CR (90/10 weight ratio) is added to the bitumen. In comparison with un-modified bitumen, the one modified by the latter modifier shows phase angle shift 68.9 oC, complex modulus 2190 (Pa) and rutting resistance 2520 (Pa), at temperature 80 oC. Generally, addition of the polymeric modifier increases complex modulus, rutting resistance and rigidity of the bitumen while a little decrease in phase angle is also observed.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_267_15b7c910580c7d5d15c03980e081122a.pdf
2015-12-01
205
213
10.22104/jpst.2015.267
Bitumen
polymeric-modified bitumen
rheology
crumb rubber
poly (ethylene terephthalate)
Omid
Moini Jazani
o.moini@eng.ui.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Marzieh
Habibi Karahrodi
m.habibi_02@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Goli Khorasgani
a.goli@trn.ui.ac.ir
3
Faculty of Transportation, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Riazi
riazi66hossein@gmail.com
4
Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Y. Becker, A. Muller,Y. Rodriguez, Use of rheological compatibility criteria to study SBS modified asphalts, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 90 (2003) 1772–1782.
1
[2] X. Lu, U. Isacsson, Rheological characterization of styren-butadien-styren copolymer modified bitumen, Constr. Build. Mater. 11 (1997) 23-32.
2
[3] A. Mahrez, M. R. Karim. Rheological evaluation bituminous binder modified with waste plastic material, 5th International Symposium on Hydrocarbons & Chemistry (ISHC5), 2010.
3
[4] F. Zhang, J. Yu, J .Han, Effects of thermal oxidative ageing on dynamic viscosity, TG/DTG, DTA and FTIR of SBS- and SBS/sulfur-modified asphalts, Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (2011)129–137.
4
[5] S. G. Sadeghpour, O. Moini, A . Nazarbeygi, M .Masoum, Using KC to modify miscibility of the bitumen and SBS, The sixth national conference of bitumen & asphalt, Iran, 2015.
5
[6] P. S. Wu, L. Pang, L.T. Mo, Y. C. Chen, G. J. Zhu, Influence of aging on the evolution of structure, morphology and rheology of base and SBS modified bitumen, Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (2009)1005–1010.
6
[7] F. J. Navarro, P. Partal, F .Martinez-Boza, C. Gallegos, Thermo-rheological behaviour and storage stability of ground tire rubber-modified bitumens, Fuel 83 (2004) 2041–2049.
7
[8] S. Bose, S. Raju, Utilization of waste plastic in bituminous concrete mixes. Roads and Pavements, 2004.
8
[9] A. H. Ali, N. S. Mashaan, M. R. Karim, Investigations of physical and rheological properties of aged rubberised bitumen. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2013 (2013).
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[10] M. Attia, M. Abdelrahman, Enhancing the performance of crumb rubber-modified binders through varying the interaction conditions, Int. J. Pavement Eng. 10 (2009) 423–434.
10
[11] Navarro. F. J., P.Partal, F. J.Mart´ınez-Boza,and C. Gallegos, Influence of processing conditions on the rheological behavior of crumb tire rubber-modified bitumen, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 104 (2007) 1683–1691.
11
[12] M. Naderi. S. Shahabi, Examination and categorization of bitumen based on their performance, Outstanding Overlay Journal.
12
[13] S. G. Jahromi, M. Mortazavi ,S. Vosoogh. Effect of nanoclay on fatigue and permanent deformation behavior of bitumen, J. Transp. Eng. 1 (2010) 51-64.
13
[14] F. Haiying, Storage stability and compatibility of asphalt binder modified by SBS graft copolymer,Constr. Build. Mater. 21 (2007) 1528–1533.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Petrochemical wastewater treatment by modified electro-Fenton process with nano iron particles
Petrochemical manufacturing wastewaters often contain a high concentration of biodegradable com-pounds that possess either toxicity or activity inhibition to the biological unit. In this paper, COD removal from Petrochemical wastewaters by electro-Fenton process was studied. The effect of operating conditions such as reaction time, current density, pH, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio, and H2O2 of petrochemical wastewater (PW) (ml/l) on the performance of the process has been studied. The experimental results showed that COD was 75.52% removed by the reaction with OH radicals generated from electrochemically assisted Fenton’s reaction. With our cell design, the higher oxidation rate has been obtained applying a current of 57.01 mA, at pH 2.92 and in the presence of 0.3 mM Fe2+ as catalyst and at reaction time of 86.33 minutes.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_270_c7afec8d403731791c49ea54c6972e3d.pdf
2015-12-01
215
223
10.22104/jpst.2015.270
Electro-Fenton
Nano iron particles
COD
Petrochemical wastewater
Hassan
FathinejadJirandehi
h.fathinejad@gmail.com
1
Young researchers and Elite club, Farahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Farahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maryam
Adimi
maryam_ad1354@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemical engineering, Farahan branch, Islamic Azad University, Farahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Mohebbizadeh
mohebizadeh@gmail.com
3
Department of Chemical engineering, Farahan branch, Islamic Azad University, Farahan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] J.V.F.L. Cavalcanti, C.A.M. Abreu, M.N. Carvalho, M.A.M. Sobrinho, M. Benachour, O.S. Baraúna, Removal of effluent from petrochemical wastewater by adsorp-tion using organoclay, in: V. Patel (Ed.), Petrochemicals, Intech, Rijeka, 2012, pp. 277–294.
1
[2] Y. Yavuz, A.S. Koparal, Ü. Ö˘gütveren, Treatment of petroleum refinery waste-water by electrochemical methods, Desalination 258 (2010) 201–205.
2
[3] J.H.B. Rocha, M.M.S. Gomes, N.S. Fernandes, D.R. da Silva, C.A. Martínez-Huitle, Application of electrochemical oxidation as alternative treatment of produced water generated by Brazilian petrochemical industry, Fuel Process. Technol. 96 (2012) 80–87.
3
[4] A. Coelho, A.V. Castro, M. Dezotti, G.L. Sant’Anna Jr., Treatment of petroleum refinery sourwater by advanced oxidation processes, J. Hazard. Mater. 137 (2006) 178–184.
4
[5] E. Brillas, I. Sirés, M.A. Oturan, Chem. Rev. 109 (2009) 6570–6631.
5
[6] I. Sirés, E. Brillas, Environ. Int. 40 (2012) 212–229.
6
[7] H.J. Lewerenz, C. Heine, K. Skorupska, N. Szabo, T. Hannappel, T. Vo-Dinh, S.A. Campbell, H.W. Klemm, A.G. Muٌoz, Photo electrocatalysis: principles, nanoemitter applications and routes to bio-inspired systems, Energy Environ. Sci. 3 (2010) 748–760.
7
[8] Z. Liu, X. Zhang, S. Nishimoto, M. Jin, D.A. Tryk, T. Murakami, A. Fujishima, Highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays with controllable length for photo electrocatalytic degradation of phenol, J. Phy. Chem. C 112 (2007) 253– 259.
8
[9] J. Shang, S. Xie, T. Zhu, J. Li, Solid-state, planar photoelectrocatalytic devices using a nanosized TiO2 layer, Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 (2007) 7876–7880.
9
[10] Y. Xu, Y. He, X. Cao, D. Zhong, J. Jia, TiO2/Ti rotating disk photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) reactor: A combination of highly effective thin-film PEC and conventional PEC processes on a single electrode, Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 (2008) 2612–2617.
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[11] G. Dai, J. Yu, G. Liu, Synthesis and enhanced visible-light photoelectrocatalytic activity of p–n junction BiOI/TiO2 nanotube arrays, J. Phy. Chem. C 115 (2011) 7339–7346.
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[12] G. Jiang, Z. Lin, L. Zhu, Y. Ding, H. Tang, Preparation and photoelectrocatalytic properties of titania/carbon nanotube composite films, Carbon 48 (2010) 3369–3375.
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[13] A. Wang, Y.Y. Li, A.L. Estrada, Mineralization of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole by photoelectro-Fenton treatment using activated carbon fiber cathode and under UVA irradiation, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 102 (2011) 378–386.
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[14] S.J. Yuan, G.P. Sheng, W.W. Li, Z.Q. Lin, R.J. Zeng, Z.H. Tong, H.Q. Yu, Degradation of organic pollutants in a photoelectrocatalytic system enhanced by a microbial fuel cell, Environ. Sci. Technol. 44 (2010) 5575–5580.
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[15] X. Zhao, J. Qu, H. Liu, C. Hu, Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of triazinecontaining azo dyes at c-Bi2MoO6 film electrode under visible light irradiation (k > 420 nm), Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 (2007) 6802–6807.
15
[16] G. Jiang, Z. Lin, L. Zhu, Y. Ding, H. Tang, Preparation and photoelectrocatalytic properties of titania/carbon nanotube composite films, Carbon 48 (2010) 3369–3375.
16
[17] A. Wang, Y.Y. Li, A.L. Estrada, Mineralization of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole by photoelectro-Fenton treatment using activated carbon fiber cathode and under UVA irradiation, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 102 (2011) 378–386.
17
[18] S.J. Yuan, G.P. Sheng, W.W. Li, Z.Q. Lin, R.J. Zeng, Z.H. Tong, H.Q. Yu, Degradation of organic pollutants in a photoelectrocatalytic system enhanced by a microbial fuel cell, Environ. Sci. Technol. 44 (2010) 5575–5580.
18
[19] X. Zhao, J. Qu, H. Liu, C. Hu, Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of triazinecontaining
19
azo dyes at c-Bi2MoO6 film electrode under visible light irradiation (k > 420 nm), Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 (2007) 6802–6807.
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[20] X. Zhao, Y. Zhu, Synergetic degradation of rhodamine B at a porous ZnWO4 film electrode by combined electro-oxidation and photocatalysis, Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 (2006) 3367–3372.
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[21] M. Panizza, M. Delucchi, G. Cerisola, Electrochemical degradation of anionic surfactants, J. Appl. Electrochem. 35 (2005) 357–361.
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[22]P.V. Nidheesh, R. Gandhimathi, Removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution using graphite–graphite electro-Fenton system, Desalin. Water Treat. (2013).
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[23] A. Ozcan, Y. S_ahin, A.S. Koparal, M.A. Oturan, A comparative study on the efficiency of electro-Fenton process in the removal of propham from water, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 89 (2009) 620–626.
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[24] P.V. Nidheesh, R. Gandhimathi, Comparative removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution by electro-Fenton and electro-Fenton-like processes, CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 41 (2013) 1–6.
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[25] L. Cirیaco, C. Anjo, J. Correia, M.J. Pacheco, A. Lopes, Electrochemical degradation of ibuprofen on Ti/Pt/PbO2 and Si/BDD electrodes, Electrochim. Acta 54 (2009) 1464–1472.
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[26] C. Flox, C. Arias, E. Brillas, A. Savall, K. Groenen-Serrano, Electrochemical incineration of cresols: a comparative study between PbO2 and boron-doped diamond anodes, Chemosphere 74 (2009) 1340–1347.
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[27] M.A. Rodrigo, P. Caizares, A. Snchez-Carretero, C. Sez, Use of conductivediamond electrochemical oxidation for wastewater treatment, Catal. Today 151 (2010) 173–177.
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[28] E. Brillas, S. Garcia-Segura, M. Skoumal, C. Arias, Electrochemical incineration of diclofenac in neutral aqueous medium by anodic oxidation using Pt and boron-doped diamond anodes, Chemosphere 79 (2010) 605–612.
29
[29] E. Tsantaki, T. Velegraki, A. Katsaounis, D. Mantzavinos, Anodic oxidation of textile dyehouse effluents on boron-doped diamond electrode, J. Hazard. Mater. 207–208 (2012) 91–96.
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[30] M. Panizza, M.A. Oturan, Degradation of alizarin red by electro-Fenton process using a graphite-felt, Electrochim. Acta 56 (2011) 7084–7087.
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[31] B. Marselli, J. Garcی[185]a-Gomez, P.A. Michaud, M.A. Rodrigo, Ch. Comninellis, Electrogeneration of hydroxyl radicals on boron-doped diamond electrodes, J. Electrochem. Soc. 150 (2003) D79–D83.
32
[32] M. Panizza, G. Cerisola, Direct and mediated anodic oxidation of organic pollutants, Chem. Rev. 109 (2009) 6541–6569.
33
[33] J. Rodriguez, M.A. Rodrigo, M. Panizza, G. Cerisola, Electrochemical oxidation of acid yellow 1 using diamond anode, J. Appl. Electrochem. 39 (2009) 2285–2289.
34
[34] X. Florenza, A.M.S. Solano, F. Centellas, C.A. Martinez-Huitle, E. Brillas, S. Garcia-Segura, Degradation of the azo dye acid red 1 by anodic oxidation and indirect electrochemical processes based on Fenton’s reaction chemistry. Relationship between decolorization, mineralization and products, Electrochim. Acta 142 (2014) 276–288.
35
[35] I. Sirés, E. Brillas, G. Cerisola, M. Panizza, Comparative depollution of mecoprop aqueous solutions by electrochemical incineration using BDD and PbO2 as high oxidation power anodes, J. Electroanal. Chem. 613 (2008) 151–159.
36
[36] M. Panizza, G. Cerisola, Application of diamond electrodes to electrochemical processes, Electrochim. Acta 51 (2005) 191–199.
37
[37] M. Panizza, G. Cerisola, Electrocatalytic materials for the electrochemical oxidation of synthetic dyes, Appl. Catal. B – Environ. 75 (2007) 95–101.
38
[38] N. Oturan, E. Brillas, M.A. Oturan, Unprecedented total mineralization of atrazine and cyanuric acid by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton with a boron-doped diamond anode, Environ. Chem. Lett. 10 (2012) 165–170.
39
[39] G.D. Fang, D.D. Dionysiou, S.R. Al-Abed, D.M. Zhou, Superoxide radical driving the activation of persulfate by magnetite nanoparticles: implications for the degradation of PCBs, Appl. Catal. B – Environ. 129 (2013) 325–332.
40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Brownian motion and Thermophoresis on MHD Mixed Convection Stagnation-point Flow of a Nanofluid Toward a Stretching Vertical Sheet in Porous Medium
This article deals with the study of the two-dimensional mixed convection magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer of stagnation-point flow over a stretching vertical plate in porous medium filled with a nanofluid. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis in the presence of thermal radiation. The skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number and local Sherwood number as well as the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles for some values of the governing parameters were presented graphically and discussed in detail for both the cases of assisting and opposing flows. It was observed that, the magnitude of the reduced Nusselt number decreases with the increases in the Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects for both cases of buoyant assisting and opposing flows. In addition to, the local Sherwood number increases by increasing the Brownian motion in both cases of buoyant assisting and opposing flows. A similar effect on the local Sherwood number was observed when thermophoresis effects decreases.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_271_44238c6d527f98031149787661475253.pdf
2015-12-01
225
240
10.22104/jpst.2015.271
MHD mixed convection
Stagnation-point flow
Stretching vertical plate
Nanofluid
Brownian motion
Aboutaleb
Ghadami Jadval Ghadam
aghadami80@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abed
Moradi
ghadami@gmail.com
2
Young Researchers Club, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] K. Hiemenz, Die Grenzschicht an einem in den gleichformingen Flussigkeitsstrom einge-tauchten
1
graden Kreiszylinder, Dinglers Polytech. J. 326 (1911) 321.
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[2] F. Homann, Der Einfluss grosser Zahigkeit bei der Stromung um den Zylinder und um die Kugel, Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 16 (1936) 153.
3
[3] S. Dinarvand, on explicit, purely analytic solutions of off-centered stagnation flow towards a rotating disc by means of HAM, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl. 11 (2010) 3389.
4
[4] D. A. Nield, A. Bejan, Convection in Porous Media, third ed., Springer, New York, (2006).
5
[5] D. B. Ingham, I. Pop (Eds.), Transport Phenomena in Porous Media, Vol. II 2002, Pergamon, Oxford, (1998).
6
[6] D. B. Ingham, I. Pop (Eds.), Transport Phenomena in Porous Media, Vol. III, Elsevier, Oxford, (2005).
7
[7] A. Bejan, I. Dincer, S. Lorente, A.F. Miguel, A.H. Reis, Porous and Complex Flow Structures in Modern Technologies, Springer, New York, (2004).
8
[8] M.C. Ece, Free convection flow about a cone under mixed thermal boundary conditions and a magnetic
9
field, Appl. Math. Model. 29 (2005) 1121.
10
[9] S. Dinarvand, A. Doosthoseini, E. Doosthoseini, M.M. Rashidi , Series solutions for unsteady laminar MHD flow near forward stagnation point of an impulsively rotating and translating sphere in presence of buoyancy forces, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl. 11 (2010) 1159.
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[10] S. Dinarvand, The laminar free-convection boundarylayer flows about a heated and rotating down-pointing
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vertical cone in the presence of a transverse magnetic field, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 67 (2011) 2141.
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58
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of Mechanical Properties Prediction of Synthesized Nylon-66/Nano-Calcium Carbonate Composites
In this research, the influence of adding micro- and nano- sized calcium carbonate powders to nylon-66 was investigated. Mechanical properties of micro and nano- composites, including tensile strength, elongation, and Young’s modulus, before and after ageing, were determined and analyzed. For this purpose, micro- and nano-sized CaCO3 particles were used as fillers to prepare micro-composites (conventional composites) and nano-composites via a polymer solution method. It was observed that tensile strength and young’s modulus increased and elongation decreased with increasing CaCO3 particles in the composites. Also, nano-composites had higher strength and modulus than micro-composites. Theoretical prediction of elastic modulus was carried out using rule of mixtures, Guth, Nicolais–Narkis, Hashin–Shtrikman, and Halpin–Tsai equations. Calculated results show that these equations are not suitable for accurate prediction for the work carried out. However, these models can be used with confidence for the prediction of elastic modulus because experimental results are higher than the calculated values.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_307_57a3f080a3d52d7dada1f3f423b6a5ad.pdf
2015-12-01
241
251
10.22104/jpst.2015.307
Additives
Nylon-66
Composites
mechanical properties
Rule of mixtures
Aboutaleb
Ghadami Jadval Ghadam
aghadami80@gmail.com
1
Departments of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, I.R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] L. Jiang, Lam, Y. C., Tam, K. C., Chua, T. H., Sim, G. W., Ang, L. S., Strengthening acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) with nano-sized and micron- sized calcium carbonate. Polymer, 46 (2005) 243-252.
1
[2] K. Magniez, Bafekrpour, E., Fox, B. L., Looney, M. G., Structure–Property Relationships in Nylon 6 Nanocomposites Based on Octaphenyl-Dodecaphenyl– POSS, Montmorillonite, and Their Combinations. Polym. Compos. 36 (2015) 153– 160.
2
[3] L. Gonzalez, Lafleur, P., Lozano, T., Morales, A. B., Garcia, R., Mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites using stearic acid as both an interface and a clay surface modifier. Polym. Compos. 35 (2014) 1–9.
3
[4] D. S. Maleki, Barzegar, M. J., Zarrintan, M. H., Adibkia, K. H., Lotfipour, F., Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles; Potential in Bone and Tooth Disorders. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20 (2015) 175-182.
4
[5] X. Wang, Wu, D., Song, Y., Jin, R., Nano-composites of Poly (vinyl chloride) and Nano-metric Calcium Carbonate Particles: Effects of Chlorinated Polyethylene on Mechanical Properties, Morphology, and Rheology. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 92 (2004) 2714–2723.
5
[6] C. M. Chen, Cheung, Y. K., PP/CaCo3 Nano-composites. Polymer, 43 (2002) 2981- 2992.
6
[7] X. Jia, Herrera-Alonso, M. Mc-Carthy, T. J. surface modification; Part 1: Targeting the amide groups for selective introduction of reactive functionalities. Polym. 47 (2006) 4916-4924.
7
[8] J. Jordan, Karl, I. J., Tannenbaum, R., Sharaf, M. A., Jasiuk, I. Experimental trends in polymer nanocomposites: A review. Materials Science and Engineering A, 393 (2005) 1-11.
8
[9] J.G.A. Ghadami, Idrees, M., Characterization of CaCO3 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Reverse Microemulsion Technique in Different Concentrations of Surfactants. Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 32 (2013) 27-35.
9
[10] M. Haghighat, Zadhoush, A., Nouri Khorasani, S., Physicomechanical Properties of α-Cellulose–Filled Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 96 (2005) 2203–2211.
10
[11] Q. Zhang, X., Yu, Z. Z., Xie, X. L., Mai, Y. W. Crystallization and impact energy of polypropylene/CaCO3 nano-composites with nonionic modifier. Polymer, 45 (2004) 5985–5994.
11
[12] R. Wang, Pyrz, Prediction of the overall moduli of layered silicate-reinforced nano- composites-Part II: Analyses, Composites Science and Technology, 64 (2004) 935– 944.
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[13] V. A. Buryachenko, Roy, A., Lafdi, K., Anderson, K. L., Chellapilla. S., Multi- scale mechanics of nanocomposites including interface. Experimental and numerical investigation. Compos Sci Technol., 65 (2005) 2435–2465.
13
[14] X. L. Xie, Liu, Q. X., Li, R. K. Y., Zhou, X. P., Zhang, Q. X., Yu, Z. Z., Mai, Y. W. Rheological and mechanical properties of PVC/CaCO3 nano-composites prepared by in situ polymerization. Polymer, 45 (2004) 6665-6673.
14
[15] E. D. Bliznakov, White, C. C., Shaw, M. T. Mechanical properties of blends of HDPE and recycled urea-formaldehyde resin. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 77 (2000) 3220–3227.
15
[16] R. Brendan, Thin film testing - ASTM D882, in Annual Book of ASTM Standards. ASTM International Publisher, Philadelphia, 1 (2002) 160-168.
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[17] M. Chen, Feng, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, L. Zhang, J., Study of palladium nano- particles prepared from water-in-oil micro-emulsion. Collo. Surf. A: Physicoch. Eng. Aspec, 281 (2006) 119–124.
17
[18] J. Cayer-Barrioz, Ferry, D., Frihi, K., Cavalier, R., Seguela, G. V. Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Polyamide 66-Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Composites: Influence of the Particle Surface Treatment. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 100 (2006) 989–999.
18
[19] H. Hanim, Zarina, R., Ahmad, M. Y. F., Mohd, Z. A. Hassan, A. The Effect of Calcium Carbonate Nanofiller on the Mechanical Properties and Crystallisation Behaviour of Polypropylene. Malaysian Polymer Journal, 3 (2008) 38-49.
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[20] B. K. Zhu, Xie, S. H., Xu, Z. K., Xu, Y. Y. Preparation and properties of the polyimide/multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (MWNTs). Compos. Sci. Technol, 66 (2006) 548-554.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
One-Pot solvent-free synthesis of Highly Substituted Imidazoles catalyzed by zeolite
A series of tri- and tetra- substituted imidazoles were synthesized from benzyl, aldehyde and ammonium acetate in the presence of zeolite as an ecofriendly reusable catalyst under microwave irradiation in the absence of solvent. The yields are high to excellent and the use of microwave irradiation reduces reaction times to few minute.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_318_f6e9dc98f62e922480e0fce02bfcd0b7.pdf
2015-12-01
253
263
10.22104/jpst.2015.318
Zeolite
One-pot synthesis
Solvent-free
Trisubstituted imidazoles
Tetrasubstituted imidazoles
Zinat
Gordi
gordi_z@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Vazan
m.vazan7@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
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40