ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of surface-functionalization of Na+-montmorillonite nanoclay using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane on the mechanical properties of E-glass chopped strand mat/epoxy composites
In the present work, Na+-montmorillonite nanoclay (Na-MMT) was functionalized using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-APTMS) as a coupling agent. The covalent functionalization of MMT was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In the specimen fabrication stage, 5 wt% of pristine MMT or silane-functionalized MMT (f-MMT) were incorporated into an epoxy system and the resultant mixture was applied on an E-glass chopped strand mat (CSM). A significant enhancement in the mechanical behavior (tensile and flexural properties) of CSM/epoxy composite was observed when enhanced with 5 wt% of f-MMT. The addition of 5 wt% of f-MMT enhanced the tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile modulus, and flexural modulus by 18%, 38%, 18%, and 28%, respectively. Compared to the MMT/CSM/epoxy composite, the f-MMT/CSM/epoxy specimen demonstrated 12%, 18%, 11%, and 16% increase, respectively, in the tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile modulus, and flexural modulus. The observed behavior is related to the enhanced interfacial interaction between f-MMT and the epoxy matrix due to the chemical functionalization of MMT.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_678_e60618d11949457afa8bc8b932fa7ffa.pdf
2018-10-01
59
65
10.22104/jpst.2018.2915.1125
Na+-montmorillonite nanoclay
Surface functionalization
Epoxy-based composite
mechanical properties
Interfacial bonding
Ali
Feiz
a.feyz.eng@gmail.com
1
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamed
Khosravi
hkhosravi@eng.usb.ac.ir
2
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Esmaeil
Tohidlou
etohidlou@eng.usb.ac.ir
3
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
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[15] A. Abdi, R. Eslami-Farsani, Hamed Khosravi, Evaluating the mechanical behavior of basalt fibers/epoxy composites containing surface-modified CaCO3 nanoparticles, Fiber. Polym. 19 (2018) 635-640.
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[17] H. Khosravi, R. Eslami-Farsani, On the mechanical characterizations of unidirectional basalt fiber/epoxy laminated composites with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes-enhanced matrix, J. Reinf. Plast. Comp. 35 (2016) 421-434.
17
[18] H. Khosravi, R. Eslami-Farsani, Enhanced mechanical properties of unidirectional basalt fiber/epoxy composites using silane-modified Na+-montmorillonite nanoclay, Polym. Test. 55 (2016) 135-142.
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[19] A. Rafiq, N. Merah, R. Boukhili, M. Al-Qadhi, Impact resistance of hybrid glass fiber reinforced epoxy/nanoclay composite, Polym. Test. 57 (2017) 1-11.
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[20] G.J. Withers, Y. Yu, V.N. Khabashesku, L. Cercone, V.G. Hadjiev, J.M. Souza, D.C. Davis, Improved mechanical properties of an epoxy glass-fiber composite reinforced with surface organomodified nanoclays, Compos. Part B-Eng. 72 (2015) 175-182.
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[23] M.M Shokrieh, A. Saeedi, M. Chitsazzadeh, Mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polyester nanocomposites, J. Nanostruct. Chem. 3 (2013), 20-25.
23
[24] H. Khosravi, R. Eslami-Farsani, An experimental investigation into the effect of surface-modified silica nanoparticles on the mechanical behavior of E-glass/epoxy grid composite panels under transverse loading, In Persian, J. Sci. Technol. Compos. 3 (2016) 11-20.
24
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[28] S.J. Park, B.J. Kim, D. Seo, K.Y. Rhee, Y.Y. Lyu, Effects of a silane treatment on the mechanical interfacial properties of montmorillonite/epoxy nanocomposites, Mat. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. 526 (2009) 74-78.
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[29] D. Romanzini, V. Piroli, A. Frache, A.J. Zattera, S.C. Amico, Sodium montmorillonite modified with methacryloxy and vinylsilanes: influence of silylation on the morphology of clay/unsaturated polyester nanocomposites, Appl. Clay Sci. 114 (2015) 550-557.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fe3O4@SiO2–SO3H Nanoparticles: An efficient magnetically retrievable catalyst for esterification reactions
In this study, magnetite nanoparticles were obtained from Fe(II) and Fe(III) salts in an alkaline medium. The nanoparticles were then protected from oxidation by a silica shell formed by the sol-gel method using tetraethoxy orthosilicate (TEOS) in an EtOH/H2O mixture. The synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2-SO3H magnetic nanocatalyst was characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, wide angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Hammett acidity function and pH analysis as well as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement (SBET). Finally, the esterification reaction of phthalic anhydride, mono- and dicarboxylic acids with various alcohols was chosen to show the catalytic activity of the magnetic nanocatalyst. The reaction conditions were optimized and catalyst recovery was also demonstrated. The nanocatalyst was magnetically separated and reused several times without significant loss of activity.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_715_f7e3dd86bf27a45d39d22d9f749cf602.pdf
2018-10-01
67
79
10.22104/jpst.2018.2811.1117
heterogeneous catalyst
Core-shell magnetic solid acid
Esterification
Zeynab
Shahedi
z_shahedi68@yahoo.com
1
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Yagoub
Mansoori
ya_mansoori@yahoo.com
2
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] S. Ajaikumar, A. Pandurangan, Esterification of alkyl acids with alkanols over MCM-41 molecular sieves: Influence of hydrophobic surface on condensation reaction, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. 266 (2007) 1-10.
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[3] A. Mobaraki, B. Movassagh, B. Karimi, Magnetic solid sulfonic acid decorated with hydrophobic regulators: A combinatorial and magnetically separable catalyst for the synthesis of α-aminonitriles, ACS Comb. Sci. 16 (2014) 352-358.
3
[4] S. Rostamnia, A. Nuri, H. Xin, A. Pourjavadi, S.H. Hosseini, Water dispersed magnetic nanoparticles (H2O-DMNPs) of γ-Fe2O3 for multicomponent coupling reactions: a green, single-pot technique for the synthesis of tetrahydro-4H-chromenes and hexahydroquinoline carboxylates, Tetrahedron Lett. 54 (2013) 3344-3347.
4
[5] Y. Li, T. Leng, H. Lin, C. Deng, X. Xu, N. Yao, P. Yang, X. Zhang, Preparation of Fe3O4@ZrO2 core-shell microspheres as affinity probes for selective enrichment and direct determination of phosphopeptides using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, J. Proteome Res. 6 (2007) 4498-4510.
5
[6] Y. Mansoori, F.S. Tataroglu, M. Sadaghian, Esterification of carboxylic acids by tributyl borate under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions, Green Chem. 7 (2005) 870-873.
6
[7] Y. Mansoori, F. Tataroglu Seyidov, S. Bohlooli, M.R. Zamanloo, G.H. Imanzadeh, Esterification of carboxylic acids and diacids by trialkyl borate under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions, Chinese J. Chem. 25 (2007) 1878-1882.
7
[8] M. A. Zolfigol, Silica sulfuric acid/NaNO2 as a novel heterogeneous system for production of thionitrites and disulfides under mild conditions, Tetrahedron, 57 (2001) 9509-9511.
8
[9] S.T. Firdovsi, M. Yagoub, A.E. Parvin, Transesterification reaction of dimethyl terephthalate by 2-ethylhexanol in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts under solvent-free condition, Chinese J. Chem. 25 (2007) 246-249.
9
[10] K. Saravanan, B. Tyagi, H.C. Bajaj, Sulfated zirconia: an efficient solid acid catalyst for esterification of myristic acid with short chain alcohols, Catal. Sci. Technol. 2 (2012) 2512-2520.
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[11] A.P. Kumar, J.H. Kim, T.D. Thanh, Y.-I. Lee, Chiral zirconia magnetic microspheres as a new recyclable selector for the discrimination of racemic drugs, J. Mater. Chem. B, 1 (2013) 4909-4915.
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[13] A. Mobaraki, B. Movassagh, B. Karimi, Hydrophobicity-enhanced magnetic solid sulfonic acid: A simple approach to improve the mass transfer of reaction partners on the surface of the heterogeneous catalyst in water-generating reactions, Appl. Catal. A, 472 (2014) 123-133.
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[14] C. Gómez-Polo, A. Gil, S.A. Korili, J.I. Pérez-Landázabal, V. Recarte, R. Trujillano, M.A. Vicente, Effect of the metal support interactions on the physicochemical and magnetic properties of Ni catalysts, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 316 (2007) e783-e786.
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[15] M.B. Gawande, A.K. Rathi, I.D. Nogueira, R.S. Varma, P.S. Branco, Magnetite-supported sulfonic acid: a retrievable nanocatalyst for the Ritter reaction and multicomponent reactions, Green Chem. 15 (2013) 1895-1899.
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[16] Z. Wang, D. Wu, G. Wu, N. Yang, A. Wu, Modifying Fe3O4 microspheres with rhodamine hydrazide for selective detection and removal of Hg2+ ion in water, J. Hazard. Mater. 244-245 (2013) 621-627.
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[17] I. Chourpa, L. Douziech-Eyrolles, L. Ngaboni-Okassa, J.-F. Fouquenet, S. Cohen-Jonathan, M. Souce, H. Marchais, P. Dubois, Molecular composition of iron oxide nanoparticles, precursors for magnetic drug targeting, as characterized by confocal Raman microspectroscopy, Analyst, 130 (2005) 1395-1403.
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[19] S. Laurent, D. Forge, M. Port, A. Roch, C. Robic, L. Vander Elst, R.N. Muller, Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis, stabilization, vectorization, physicochemical characterizations, and biological applications, Chem. Rev. 108 (2008) 2064-2110.
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[20] V.V. Costa, M.J. Jacinto, L.M. Rossi, R. Landers, E.V. Gusevskaya, Aerobic oxidation of monoterpenic alcohols catalyzed by ruthenium hydroxide supported on silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles, J. Catal. 282 (2011) 209-214.
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[21] F. Nemati, M.M. Heravi, R. Saeedi Rad, Nano-Fe3O4 encapsulated-silica particles bearing sulfonic acid goups as a magnetically separable catalyst for highly efficient Knoevenagel condensation and Michael addition reactions of aromatic aldehydes with 1,3-cyclic diketones, Chinese J. Catal. 33 (2012) 1825-1831.
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[22] H. Naeimi, Z. Nazifi, A highly efficient nano-Fe3O4 encapsulated-silica particles bearing sulfonic acid groups as a solid acid catalyst for synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives, J. Nanopart. Res. 15 (2013) 1-11.
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[23] H. Naeimi, S. Mohamadabadi, Sulfonic acid-functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient reusable catalyst for the synthesis of 1-substituted 1H-tetrazoles under solvent-free conditions, Dalton T. 43 (2014) 12967-12973.
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[24] J. Safari, Z. Zarnegar, A magnetic nanoparticle-supported sulfuric acid as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for rapid synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. 379 (2013) 269-276.
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[25] A.R. Kiasat, J. Davarpanah, Fe3O4@silica sulfuric acid nanoparticles: An efficient reusable nanomagnetic catalyst as potent solid acid for one-pot solvent-free synthesis of indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones and pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-diones, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. 373 (2013) 46-54.
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[26] A. Khorshidi, S. Shariati, Sulfuric acid functionalized MCM-41 coated on magnetite nanoparticles as a recyclable core-shell solid acid catalyst for three-component condensation of indoles, aldehydes and thiols, RSC Adv. 4 (2014) 41469-41475.
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[34] M. Pooresmaeil, Y. Mansoori, M. Mirzaeinejad, A.L.I. Khodayari, Efficient removal of methylene blue by novel magnetic hydrogel nanocomposites of poly(acrylic acid), Adv. Polym. Tech. 37 (2016) 262-274.
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37
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38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Interpreting the effect of operating variable, seed, and impurity on the induction time of silver nanoparticles precipitation by cluster coagulation models
This paper reports the effect of temperature, presence of impurity (Fe3+), and crystal seed on the induction time of silver nanoparticles. In this study, Ag precipitation was achieved by solution reduction and the experimental induction time was measured by monitoring the absorption of the solution after creation of supersaturation. Experimental induction time was compared to the cluster coagulation models (the Smoluchowski model and its’ variation cluster coagulation model) and the conclusion is that the conventional Smoluchowski coagulation model works better than the modified version.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_714_2a3e8fddb8ebeb81bfc444f5773a3229.pdf
2018-10-01
81
90
10.22104/JPST.2018.2676.1108
Silver nanoparticles
Induction time
Cluster coagulation model
coagulation theory
Negin
Hatami
hataminegin@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Jomhoori Blvd., Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Sattar
Ghader
sattarghader@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Jomhoori Blvd., Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] W. Beckmann, Crystallization: Basic Concepts and Industrial Applications, Wiley-VCH; 2013.
1
[2] S. Prabhu, E.K. Poulose, Silver nanoparticles: Mechanism of antimicrobial action, synthesis, medical applications, and toxicity effects, Int. Nano Lett. 2 (2012) 32-36.
2
[3] P.E.J. Saloga, C. Kästner, A.F. Thünemann, High-speed but not magic: Microwave-assisted synthesis of ultra-small silver nanoparticles, Langmuir, 34 (2018) 147-153.
3
[4] Ö. Karhan, Ö.B. Ceran, O.N. Şara, B. Şimşek, Response surface methodology based desirability function approach to investigate optimal mixture ratio of silver nanoparticles synthesis process, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 56 (2017) 8180-8189.
4
[5] X.-W. Han, X.-Zh. Meng , J. Zhang, Ji.-X. Wang, H.-F. Huang, X.-F.,Zeng, J.-F. Chen, Ultrafast synthesis of silver nanoparticle decorated graphene oxide by a rotating packed bed reactor, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 55 (2016) 11622-11630.
5
[6] G. Zhang, Y. Liu, X. Gao, Y. Chen, Synthesis of silver nanoparticles and antibacterial property of silk fabrics treated by silver nanoparticles, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 9 (2014) 216-220.
6
[7] C.Y. Tai, W.C. Chein, J.P. Hsu, Induction period of CaCO3 interpreted by the Smoluchowski''''''''s coagulation theory, AIChE J. 51 (2005) 480-486.
7
[8] R.Y. Qian, G.D. Botsaris, A new mechanism for nuclei formation in suspension crystallizers: the role of interparticle forces, Chem. Eng. Sci. 52 (1997) 3429-3440.
8
[9] S. Das, J. Das, A. Samadder, S.S. Bhattacharyya, D. Das, A.R. Khuda-Bukhsh, Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by ethanolic extracts of Phytolacca decandra, Gelsemium sempervirens, Hydrastis canadensis and Thuja occidentalis induce differential cytotoxicity through G2/M arrest in A375 cells, Colloid Surface B, 101 (2013) 325-336.
9
[10] C.Y. Tai, W.C. Chein, Interpreting the effects of operating variables on the induction period of CaCl2-Na2CO3 system by a cluster coagulation model, J. Chem. Eng. Sci., 58, (2003), 3233-3241.
10
[11] H. Zhang, J.A. Smith, V. Oyanedel-Craver, The effect of natural water conditions on the anti-bacterial performance and stability of silver nanoparticles capped with different polymers, Water Res. 146 (2012) 691-699.
11
[12] P. Mulvaney, Surface Plasmon Spectroscopy of Nanosized Metal Particles, Langmuir, 12 (1996) 788-800.
12
[13] L. Sintubin, W. De-Windt, J. Dick, J. Mast, D. van der Ha, W. Verstraete, N. Boon, Lactic acid bacteria as reducing and capping agent for the fast and efficient production of silver nanoparticles, Appl. Microbiol. Biot. 84 (2009) 741-749.
13
[14] M.M. Reddy, A. Hoch, Calcite Crystal Growth Rate Inhibition by Polycarboxylic Acids, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 235 (2001) 365-370.
14
[15] K.V. Rajendran, R. Rajasekaran, D. Jayarman, Experimental determination of metastable zonewidth, induction period, interfacial energy and growth of non-linear optical l-HFB single crystals, Mater. Chem. Phys. 81 (2002) 50-55.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of local vibration on silo discharge and jamming: Employing an experimental approach
Blockage is a common problem in many practical silo applications, and vibration seems to be a practical solution to overcome this problem. An experimental setup was developed to observe the effects of different vibrational parameters on vibrator anti-jamming efficiency. The silo was made of transparent plates to provide the possibility of watching the materials inside it. The outlet mass was recorded on a computer via a weighing load cell. The vibrator was installed at different locations on the silo walls to reveal effects of the vibrator position on its efficiency to prevent jamming. Moreover, relevant tests were conducted to reveal the effects of the vibration frequency. A vibrometer instrument with contacting probe was employed to measure the local vibration characteristics. The measured data was used to identify the vibration dimensionless acceleration. It was concluded that the location of the vibrator significantly affects its anti-jamming ability. Furthermore, it was observed that the vibration frequency and acceleration influence the impact of the vibration to prevent the silo jamming to some extent. It was observed that while the vibration does not influence the instant discharge rate it does considerably affects the average rate.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_786_e506b5ae5d11c0ff32b7177e17676708.pdf
2018-10-01
91
100
10.22104/JPST.2019.2844.1120
Silo
Vibration
Jamming
Blockage
Discharge
Akbar
Jafari
jafari@sirjantech.ac.ir
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Abolghandi
akbar_jafarij@yahoo.com
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Arash
Gharibi
jafari.akbar@gmail.com
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Vahid
Khalili Parizi
akbr_jafarij@yahoo.com
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Begheri Jamebozorgi
jafari_akbar@yahoo.com
5
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] H.A. Janssen, Versuche uber Getreidedruck in Silozellen, Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure, 39 (1895) 1045-1049.
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[2] M.S. Ketchum, The design of walls, bins and grain elevators, The engineering news, Archibald Constable & Co., New York, 1911.
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36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in water solution using Sr-doped ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles
ZnAl2O4 and Sr-doped ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation using ammonia as precipitating agent, followed by thermal treatment at 700°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) were employed to clarify the structure and morphology of the samples. In addition, the presence of Sr in Sr-doped ZnAl2O4 NPs was further evidenced from energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The Photocatalytic activity of ZnAl2O4 and Sr-doped ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles were evaluated in the photo-catalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous media under the UV irradiation technique. The effect of various parameters, including catalyst dosage, 2,4-DCP concentration, pH, and temperature, on the degradation of 2,4-DCP was investigated. With 0.6 wt% Sr doped ZnAl2O4 samples after 60 min irradiation, 100% of 2,4-DCP photodegradation was observed in acidic conditions, while with undoped ZnAl2O4 samples only 67% 2,4-DCP was removed upon UV irradiation for 200 min. The reusability of the catalyst was examined under optimized conditions. The results demonstrate that Sr-doped ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles exhibit considerably high catalytic stability with more than 90% degradation after the third catalytic cycle.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_787_ab56ea14b99f2f9a3170c327819406be.pdf
2018-10-01
101
109
10.22104/JPST.2018.2877.1122
Sr-Doped ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles
Photocatalytic degradation
2,4-Dichlorophenol
Morteza
Ziyaadini
m.ziyaadini@cmu.ac.ir
1
Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mir Mahdi
Zahedi
idm.m.zahedi@gmail.com
2
Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Iran
AUTHOR
Azadeh
Dehghan-Rahimi
a.dehghanrahimi1369@gmail.com
3
Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Iran
AUTHOR
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A novel application of Co3O4@SiO2 nanocomposite as an efficient and robust catalyst for the preparation of some imidazolone derivatives
In the present work, a simple, green and efficient procedure for the synthesis of imidazolone derivatives is described via the reaction of oxazolones and different arylamines in the presence of Co3O4@SiO2 nanocomposite as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions at 90°C. The catalyst has been fully analyzed by FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, and XRD analysis. The present method offers several advantages such as high yields, short reaction times, mild reaction conditions and recoverability of the catalyst. In addition, the obtained heterocyclic compounds were analyzed by FT-IR and 1HNMR spectroscopy analysis.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_788_4380c299fc1a23c4415ae5c95697100a.pdf
2018-10-01
111
117
10.22104/jpst.2019.3091.1132
Imidazolone
Co3O4@SiO2
Nanocomposite
Oxazolone
Catalyst
Taleb
Asadi
taleb.asadi1397@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, PO Box 37491-13191, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Ghasemzadeh
ghasemzadeh@qom-iau.ac.ir
2
Department of Chemistry, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, PO Box 37491-13191, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Manoochehr
Fadaeian
fadaeian_m@yahoo.com
3
Department of Chemistry, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, PO Box 37491-13191, Iran
AUTHOR
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1
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2
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