ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fe3O4@ZrO2-SO3H Nanoparticles: A new magnetically retrievable catalyst for esterification of mono- and dicarboxylic acids
In this work preparation of sulfonic acid functionalized magnetite encapsulated zirconia (Fe3O4@ZrO2-SO3H) has been reported. Structural, chemical, and magnetic properties of the magnetically supported catalyst have also been investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, wide angle X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (WXRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Hammett acidity function and pH analysis as well as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement (SBET). The esterification reaction of various mono- and dicarboxylic acids with different alcohols was chosen to show the nano-catalytic activity. The reaction conditions were optimized and catalyst recovery was also demonstrated. The magnetic catalyst was magnetically separated and reused several times without significant loss of activity.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_651_9fccba4c6e57d1327c363d747aa1c4d4.pdf
2018-04-29
1
12
10.22104/jpst.2018.2694.1110
Fe3O4@ZrO2-supported sulfonic acid
Magnetic acid catalyst
heterogeneous catalyst
Esterification
Parya
Tayeb Oskoie
paryatayeb14@yahoo.com
1
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Yagoub
Mansoori
ya_mansoori@yahoo.com
2
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] A. Ross, Industrial applications of organotin compounds, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 125 (1965) 107-123.
1
[2] Y. Mansoori, F.S. Tataroglu, M. Sadaghian, Esterification of carboxylic acids by tributyl borate under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions, Green Chem. 7 (2005) 870-873.
2
[3] Y. Mansoori, F. Tataroglu Seyidov, S. Bohlooli, M.R. Zamanloo, G.H. Imanzadeh, Esterification of carboxylic acids and diacids by trialkyl borate under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions, Chinese J. Chem. 25 (2007) 1878-1882.
3
[4] Y. Li, T. Leng, H. Lin, C. Deng, X. Xu, N. Yao, P. Yang, X. Zhang, Preparation of Fe3O4@ZrO2 core-shell microspheres as affinity probes for selective enrichment and direct determination of phosphopeptides using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, J. Proteome Res. 6 (2007) 4498-4510.
4
[5] A.R. Kiasat, J. Davarpanah, Fe3O4@silica sulfuric acid nanoparticles: An efficient reusable nanomagnetic catalyst as potent solid acid for one-pot solvent-free synthesis of indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones and pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-diones, J. Mol. Catal. A- Chem. 373 (2013) 46-54.
5
[6] M.A. Zolfigol, Silica sulfuric acid/NaNO2 as a novel heterogeneous system for production of thionitrites and disulfides under mild conditions, Tetrahedron, 57 (2001) 9509-9511.
6
[7] S.T. Firdovsi, M. Yagoub, A.E. Parvin, Trans-esterification reaction of dimethyl terephthalate by 2-ethylhexanol in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts under solvent-free condition, Chinese J. Chem. 25 (2007) 246-249.
7
[8] K. Saravanan, B. Tyagi and H.C. Bajaj, Sulfated zirconia: an efficient solid acid catalyst for esterification of myristic acid with short chain alcohols, Catal. Sci. Techol. 2 (2012) 2512-2520.
8
[9] A.P. Kumar, J.H. Kim, T.D. Thanh, Y.-I. Lee, Chiral zirconia magnetic microspheres as a new recyclable selector for the discrimination of racemic drugs, J. Mater. Chem. B, 1 (2013) 4909-4915.
9
[10] N.E. Leadbeater, M. Marco, Preparation of polymer-supported ligands and metal complexes for use in catalysis, Chem. Rev. 102 (2002) 3217-3274.
10
[11] C. Gómez-Polo, A. Gil, S.A. Korili, J.I. Pérez-Landázabal, V. Recarte, R. Trujillano, M.A. Vicente, Effect of the metal support interactions on the physicochemical and magnetic properties of Ni catalysts, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 316 (2007) e783-e786.
11
[12] Z. Wang, D. Wu, G. Wu, N. Yang, A. Wu, Modifying Fe3O4 microspheres with rhodamine hydrazide for selective detection and removal of Hg2+ ion in water, J. Hazard. Mater. 244-245 (2013) 621-627.
12
[13] M.B. Gawande, A.K. Rathi, I.D. Nogueira, R.S. Varma, P.S. Branco, Magnetite-supported sulfonic acid: a retrievable nanocatalyst for the Ritter reaction and multicomponent reactions, Green Chem. 15 (2013) 1895-1899.
13
[14] H. Naeimi, Z. Nazifi, A highly efficient nano-Fe3O4 encapsulated-silica particles bearing sulfonic acid groups as a solid acid catalyst for synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives, J. Nanopart. Res. 15 (2013) 2026-2037.
14
[15] A. Mobaraki, B. Movassagh, B. Karimi, Magnetic solid sulfonic acid decorated with hydrophobic regulators: A combinatorial and magnetically separable catalyst for the synthesis of α-aminonitriles, ACS Comb. Sci. 16 (2014) 352-358.
15
[16] A. Mobaraki, B. Movassagh, B. Karimi, Hydrophobicity-enhanced magnetic solid sulfonic acid: A simple approach to improve the mass transfer of reaction partners on the surface of the heterogeneous catalyst in water-generating reactions, Appl. Catal. A-Gen. 472 (2014) 123-133.
16
[17] I. Chourpa, L. Douziech-Eyrolles, L. Ngaboni-Okassa, J.-F. Fouquenet, S. Cohen-Jonathan, M. Souce, H. Marchais, P. Dubois, Molecular composition of iron oxide nanoparticles, precursors for magnetic drug targeting, as characterized by confocal Raman microspectroscopy, Analyst, 130 (2005) 1395-1403.
17
[18] M. Shokouhimehr, Y. Piao, J. Kim, Y. Jang, T. Hyeon, A magnetically recyclable nanocomposite catalyst for olefin epoxidation, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 46 (2007) 7039-7043.
18
[19] S. Laurent, D. Forge, M. Port, A. Roch, C. Robic, L. Vander Elst, R.N. Muller, Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, stabilization, vectorization, physicochemical characterizations, and biological applications, Chem. Rev. 108 (2008) 2064-2110.
19
[20] V.V. Costa, M.J. Jacinto, L.M. Rossi, R. Landers, E.V. Gusevskaya, Aerobic oxidation of monoterpenic alcohols catalyzed by ruthenium hydroxide supported on silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles, J. Catal. 282 (2011) 209-214.
20
[21] J. Nawrocki, M. Rigney, A. McCormick, P.W. Carr, Chemistry of zirconia and its use in chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 657 (1993) 229-282.
21
[22] C.J. Dunlap, P.W. Carr, C.V. McNeff, D. Stoll, Peer Reviewed: Zirconia stationary phases for extreme separations, Anal. Chem. 73 (2001) 598 A-607 A.
22
[23] Z.-G. Shi, L. Xu, S.-L. Da, Y.-Q. Feng, Study of the magnesia additive on the characterization of zirconia–magnesia composite sphere, Micropor. Mesopor. Mat. 94 (2006) 34-39.
23
[24] J.S. Moya, S. Lopez-Esteban, C. Pecharromán, The challenge of ceramic/metal microcomposites and nanocomposites, Prog. Mater. Sci. 52 (2007) 1017-1090.
24
[25] J. Randon, S. Huguet, A. Piram, G. Puy, C. Demesmay, J.-L. Rocca, Synthesis of zirconia monoliths for chromatographic separations, J. Chromatogr. A, 1109 (2006) 19-25.
25
[26] A.P. Kumar, J.H. Park, Fast separations of chiral β-blockers on a cellulose tris(3,5-dimethyl-phenylcarbamate)-coated zirconia monolithic column by capillary electro-chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 1218 (2011) 5369-5373.
26
[27] A.P. Kumar, J.H. Park, Zirconia-bBased stationary phases for chiral separation: Mini Review, Anal. Lett. 45 (2012) 15-42.
27
[28] F.T. Sejidov, Y. Mansoori, N. Goodarzi, Esterification reaction using solid heterogeneous acid catalysts under solvent-less condition, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. 240 (2005) 186-190.
28
[29] W.L.F. Armarego, C.L.L. Chai, Purification of laboratory chemicals, 6th ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier Inc., Burlington, 2009.
29
[30] Y.-W. Wu, J. Zhang, J.-F. Liu, L. Chen, Z.-L. Deng, M.-X. Han, X.-S. Wei, A.-M. Yu, H.-L. Zhang, Fe3O4@ZrO2 nanoparticles magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for chromium(III) speciation in environmental and biological samples, Appl. Surf. Sci. 258 (2012) 6772-6776.
30
[31] J.D. Hanawalt, H.W. Rinn, L.K. Frevel, Chemical Analysis by X-Ray Diffraction, Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 10 (1938) 457-512.
31
[32] A. Guinier, X-ray diffraction: in crystals, imperfect crystals, and amorphous bodies. Courier Dover Dover Publications, New York, 2013.
32
[33] A. Amoozadeh, S. Rahmani, M. Bitaraf, F.B. Abadi, E. Tabrizian, Nano-zirconia as an excellent nano-support for immobilization of sulfonic acid: a new, efficient and highly recyclable heterogeneous solid acid nanocatalyst for multicomponent reactions, New J. Chem. 40 (2016) 770-780.
33
[34] Y. Mansoori, T. Mohseni Masooleh, Polyimide /organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites: A comparative study of the organoclays modified with aromatic diamines, Polym. Composite. 36 (2015) 613-622.
34
[35] H. Cao, J. He, L. Deng, X. Gao, Fabrication of cyclodextrin-functionalized superparamagnetic Fe3O4/amino-silane core-shell nanoparticles via layer-by-layer method, Applied Surface Science, 255 (2009) 7974-7980.
35
[36] M. Pooresmaeil, Y. Mansoori, M. Mirzaeinejad, A. L. I. Khodayari, Efficient removal of methylene blue by novel magnetic hydrogel nanocomposites of poly(acrylic acid), Adv. Polym. Tech. 37 (2016) 262-274.
36
[37] J. Choubey, A.K. Bajpai, Investigation on magnetically controlled delivery of doxorubicin from superparamagnetic nanocarriers of gelatin crosslinked with genipin, J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. M. 21 (2010) 1573-1586.
37
[38] H. Xing, T. Wang, Z. Zhou, Y. Dai, The sulfonic acid-functionalized ionic liquids with pyridinium cations: Acidities and their acidity-catalytic activity relationships, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. 264 (2007) 53-59.
38
[39] G. Van der Waal, Ester base fluids, Unichem International, Gouda, The Netherlands, 1995.
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Fe2O3 addition and mechanical activation on thermochemical heat storage properties of the Co3O4/CoO system
Effects of Fe2O3 addition (2-20 wt%) with 1 h mechanical activation on redox reactions of Co3O4 were studied by TG/DSC, SEM, and XRD analyses. The results showed that a Fe2O3 addition from 2 to 15 wt% increases the oxygen release from 1.4 to 3.4 wt% and decreases the reduction onset temperature from 1030 to 960 °C, while it increases the oxygen uptake value and re-oxidation onset temperature respectively from 1.5 to 3.3 wt% and from 930 to 1010 °C. The increase in iron oxide to 20 wt% resulted in loss of heat storage properties due to significant reduction in oxygen release and uptake. Moreover, TG/DSC analyses revealed that reduction enthalpy of as-received Co3O4, 1 h ball milled Co3O4, and 1 h ball milled Co3O4-15% Fe2O3 are 622, 496, and 895 kJ/kg, respectively. Phase identification and TG experiments under argon atmosphere demonstrated that Fe2O3 participates in the reduction process. Furthermore, adding 15 wt% of iron oxide to cobalt oxide and 1 h mechanical activation improved the redox cyclability of cobalt oxide.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_677_503cab830bc1fca159b34c46403bf079.pdf
2018-06-25
13
22
10.22104/jpst.2018.2799.1116
Thermochemical
Heat storage
Cobalt oxide
Sintering
Redox cyclability
Nariman
Nekokar
nariman.nekokar@gmail.com
1
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Hamadan University of Technology, Hamadan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Pourabdoli
mpourabdoli@hut.ac.ir
2
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Hamadan University of Technology, Hamadan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
Ghaderi Hamidi
ghaderihamidi@gmail.com
3
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Hamadan University of Technology, Hamadan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] L. Andre, S. Abanades, G. Flamant, Screening of thermochemical systems based on solid-gas reversible reactions for high temperature solar thermal energy storage, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 64 (2016) 703-715.
1
[2] A.J. Carrillo, J. Moya, A. Bayon, P. Jana, V.A. de la Pena OShea, M. Romero, J. Gonzalez-Aguilar, D.P. Serrano, P. Pizarro, J.M. Coronado, Thermochemical energy storage at high temperature via redox cycles of Mn and Co oxides: Pure oxides versus mixed ones, Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C. 123 (2014) 47-57.
2
[3] N.P. Siegel, Thermal energy storage for solar power production, Wires Energy Environ. 1 (2012) 119-131.
3
[4] S. Kuravi, J. Trahan, Y. Goswami, M.M. Rahman, E.K. Stefanakos, Thermal energy storage technologies and systems for concentrating solar power plants, Prog. Energy Combust. 39 (2013) 285-319.
4
[5] T. M. I. Mahlia, T.J. Saktisahdan, A. Jannifar, M.H. Hasan, H.S.C. Matseelar, A review of available methods and development on energy storage; technology update, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 33 (2014) 532-454.
5
[6] P. Pardo, A. Deydier, Z. Anxionnaz-Minvielle, S. Rougé, M. Cabassud, P. Cognet, A review on high temperature thermochemical heat energy storage, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 32 (2014) 591-610.
6
[7] T. Yan, R.Z. Wang, T.X. Li, L.W. Wang, I.T. Fred, A review of promising candidate reactions for chemical heat storage, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 43 (2015) 13-31.
7
[8] C. Agrafiotis, A. Becker, M. Roeb, C. Sattler, D. Zentrum, Exploitation of thermochemical cycles based on solid oxide redox systems for thermochemical storage of solar heat. Part 5: Testing of porous ceramic honeycomb and foam cascades based on cobalt and manganese oxides for hybrid sensible/thermochemical heat storage, Sol. Energy, 139 (2016) 676-694.
8
[9] M. Romero, A. Steinfeld, Concentrating solar thermal power and thermochemical fuels, Energ. Environ. Sci. 5 (2012) 9234-9245.
9
[10] L. Cabeza, Advances in Thermal Energy Storage System, Cambridge, UK, 2015.
10
[11] C. Agrafiotis, M. Roeb, M. Schmucker, C. Sattler, Exploitation of thermochemical cycles based on solid oxide redox systems for thermochemical storage of solar heat. Part 1: Testing of cobalt oxide-based powders, Sol. Energy, 102 (2014) 189-211.
11
[12] J.E. Funk, R.M. Reinstrom, Energy requirements in production of hydrogen from water, Ind. Eng. Chem. Procs. D. D. 5 (1966) 336-342.
12
[13] F. Schaube, A. Wörner, and R. Tamme, High temperature thermochemical, heat storage for concentrated solar power using gas-solid reactions, J. Sol. Energ. -T ASME, 133 (2011) 031006.
13
[14] B. Wong, Thermochemical heat storage for concentrated solar power. In: Final Report for the U.S. Department of Energy 2011, General Atomics, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego CA92037: San Diego, CA, USA.
14
[15] R. Chacartegui, A. Alovisio, C. Ortiz, J.M. Valverde, V. Verda, J.A. Becerra, Thermochemical energy storage of concentrated solar power by integration of the calcium looping process and a CO2 power cycle, Appl. Energ. 173 (2016) 589-605.
15
[16] F. Schaube, L. Koch, A. Wörner, H. Müller-Steinhagen, A thermodynamic and kinetic study of the de- and rehydration of Ca(OH)2 at high H2O partial pressures for thermo-chemical heat storage, Thermochim. Acta, 538 (2012) 9-20.
16
[17] M. Schmidt, C. Szczukowski, C. Roßkopf, M. Linder, A. Wörner, Experimental results of a 10 kW high temperature thermochemical storage reactor based on calcium hydroxide, Appl. Therm. Eng. 62 (2014) 553-559.
17
[18] J. Yan, C.Y. Zhao, Experimental study of CaO/Ca(OH)2 in a fixed-bed reactor for thermochemical heat storage, Appl. Energ. 175 (2016) 277-284.
18
[19] M. Tmar, C. Bernard, M. Ducarroir, Local storage of solar energy by reversible reactions with sulfates, Sol. Energy, 26 (1981) 529-536.
19
[20] K. Lovegrove, A. Luzzi, I. Soldiani, H. Kreetz, Developing ammonia based thermochemical energy storage for dish power plants, Sol. Energy, 76 (2004) 331-337.
20
[21] M. Rydén, H. Leion, T. Mattisson, A. Lyngfelt, Combined oxides as oxygen-carriermaterial for chemical-looping with oxygen uncoupling, Appl. Energ. 113 (2014) 1924-1932.
21
[22] K.N. Hutchings, M. Wilson, P.A. Larsen, R.A. Cutler, Kinetic and thermodynamic considerations for oxygen absorption/desorption using cobalt oxide, Solid State Ionics, 177 (2006) 177 45-51.
22
[23] C. Agrafiotis, M. Roeb, M. Schmücker, C. Sattler, Exploitation of thermochemical cycles based on solid oxide redox systems for thermochemical storage of solar heat. Part 2: redox oxide-coated porous ceramic structures as integrated thermochemical reactors/heat exchangers, Sol. Energy, 114 (2015) 440-458.
23
[24] M. Neises, S. Tescari, L. de Oliveira, M. Roeb, C. Sattler, B. Wong, Solar-heated rotary kiln for thermochemical energy storage, Sol. Energy, 86 (2012) 3040-3048.
24
[25] A.P. Muroyama, A.J. Schrader, P.G. Loutzenhiser, Solar electricity via an Air Brayton cycle with an integrated two-step thermochemical cycle for heat storage based on Co3O4/CoO redox reactions II: kinetic analyses, Sol. Energy, 122 (2015) 409-418.
25
[26] A.J. Carrillo, D. Sastre, D.P. Serrano, P. Pizarroab, J.M. Coronado, Revisiting the BaO2/BaO redox cycle for solar thermochemical energy storage, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18 (2016) 8039-8048.
26
[27] A.J. Carrillo, D.P. Serrano, P. Pizarro, J.M. Coronado, Thermochemical heat storage based on the Mn2O3/Mn3O4 redox couple: influence of the initial particle size on the morphological evolution and cyclability, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2 (2014) 19435-19443.
27
[28] M. Wokon, A. Kohzer, A. Benzarti, T. Bauer, M. Linder, A. Wörner, Thermochemical energy storage based on the reversible reaction of metal oxides, In: 3rd International conference on chemical looping, Göteborg, Sweden, September 9-11, 2014.
28
[29] E. Alonso, C. Pérez-Rábago, J. Licurgo, E. Fuentealba, C.A. Estrada, First experimental studies of solar redox reactions of copper oxides for thermochemical energy storage, Sol. Energy, 115 (2015) 297-305.
29
[30] T. Block, M. Schmücker, Metal oxides for thermochemical energy storage: a comparison of several metal oxide systems, Sol. Energy, 126 (2016) 195-207.
30
[31] S.M. Babiniec, E.N. Coker, J.E. Miller, A. Ambrosini, Investigation of LaxSr1-xCoyM1-yO3-d (M= Mn, Fe) perovskite materials as thermochemical energy storage media, Sol. Energy, 118 (2015) 451-459.
31
[32] S.M. Babiniec, E.N. Coker, J.E. Miller, A. Ambrosini, Doped calcium manganites for advanced high-temperature thermochemical energy storage, Int. J. Energ. Res. 40 (2016) 280-284.
32
[33] K.J. Albrecht, G.S. Jackson, R.J. Braun, Thermo-dynamically consistent modeling of redox-stable perovskite oxides for thermochemical energy conversion and storage, Appl. Energ. 165 (2016) 285-96.
33
[34] B. Wong, L. Brown, F. Schaube, R. Tamme, C. Sattler, Oxide based thermochemical heat storage, In: Presented at Solar PACES, Perpignan, France, 2010.
34
[35] C. Agrafiotis, S. Tescari, M. Roeb, M. Schmucker, C. Sattler, Exploitation of thermochemical cycles based on solid oxide redox systems for thermochemical storage of solar heat. Part 3: Cobalt oxide monolithic porous structures as integrated thermochemical reactors/heat exchangers, Sol. Energy, 114 (2015) 459-475.
35
[36] S. Tescari, C. Agrafiotis, S. Breuer, L. De Oliveira, M. Nieses-von Puttkamer, M. Roeb, C. Sattler, Thermochemical solar energy storage via redox oxides: materials and reactor/heat exchanger concepts, Energ. Proced. 49 (2014) 1034-1043.
36
[37] G. Karagiannakis, C. Pagkoura, A. Zygogianni, S. Lorentzou, A.G. Konstandopoulos, Monolithic ceramic redox materials for thermochemical heat storage applications in CSP plants, Energ. Proced. 49 (2014) 820-829.
37
[38] B. Ehrhart , E. Coker, N. Siegel, A. Weimer, Thermochemical cycle of a mixed oxide for augmentation of thermal energy storage in solid particles, Energ. Proced. 49 (2014) 762-771.
38
[39] Y.S. Lin, Q. Yang, J. Ida, High temperature sorption of carbon dioxide on perovskite-type metal oxides, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. E. 40 (2009) 276-780.
39
[40] T. Block, N. Knoblauch, M. Shmücker, The cobalt-oxide/iron-oxide binary system for use as high temperature thermochemical energy storage material, Thermochim. Acta, 577 (2014) 25-32.
40
[41] C. Pagkoura, G. Karagiannakis, A. Zygogianni, S. Lorentzou, M. Kostoglou, A.G. Konstandopoulos, M. Rattenburry, W.J. Woodhead, Cobalt oxide based structured bodies as redox thermochemical heat storage medium for future CSP plants, Sol. Energy, 108 (2014) 146-163.
41
[42] V. Varin, T. Czujko, S. Wronski, Nanomaterials for Solid State Hydrogen Storage, Springer, USA, 2009.
42
[43] P.R. Soni, Mechanical Alloying: Fundamentals and Applications, first ed., Cambridge International Science Publishing, UK, 2001.
43
[44] P. Balaz, Extractive Metallurgy of Activated Minerals, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2000.
44
[45] C. Suryanarayana, Mechanical Alloying and Milling, first ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 2004.
45
[46] N. Nekokar, M. Pourabdoli, A. Ghaderi Hamidi, D. Uner, Effect of mechanical activation on thermal energy storage of Co3O4/CoO system, Adv. Powder Technol. 29 (2018) 333-340.
46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Talinum triangulare leaf and Musa sapientum peel extracts as corrosion inhibitors on ZA-27 Alloy
With the current emergence of green chemistry to keep the environment safe, attention is being shifted towards using plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors. The inhibitive performances of Talinum triangulare leaf extract and Musa sapientum peel extract on the ZA-27 in 1.0 M and 1.5 M hydrochloric acid solutions were studied for 18 days using mass loss measurement. The corrosion inhibition efficiencies of the extracts were evaluated. The results showed promising anticorrosive performance in 1.0 M HCl. The average inhibition efficiencies recorded for Talinum triangulare leaf extract and Musa sapientum peel extract in 1.0 M HCl using 1 w/v of each extract after 18 days were evaluated as 62.30% and 63.27%, respectively, while in 1.5 M HCl; 40.54% and 38.45% were recorded for Talinum triangulare leaf extract and Musa sapientum peel as inhibitors, respectively, in 1.5 M HCl.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_681_4ef5d40025099c373097fcecb196487c.pdf
2018-07-14
23
28
10.22104/jpst.2018.2889.1123
Corrosion
Inhibitor
Talinum triangulare
Musa sapientum
Efficiency
Segun
Abegunde
abegundesm@gmail.com
1
Department of Science Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Robert
Ogede
2
Department of Science Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Babajide
Fatile
3
Department of Glass & Ceramics Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Ebenezer
Aliu
4
Centre for Entrepreneurship Development and Vocational Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
[1] O.P. Modi, R.P. Yadav, B.K. Prasad, A.K. Jha, S. Das, A.H. Yegneswaran, Three-body abrasion of a cast zinc-aluminium alloy: influence of Al2O3 dispersoid and abrasive medium, Wear, 249 (2001) 792-799.
1
[2] K.K. Alaneme, B.O. Fatile, J.O. Borode, Mechanical and corrosion behaviour of Zn‐27Al based composites reinforced with groundnut shell ash and silicon carbide, Tribol. Ind. 36 (2014) 195-203.
2
[3] O. Aladesuyi, B.O. Fatile, E.A. Adedapo, A.P. Ogunboyejo, C.O. Ajanaku1, I.O. Olanrewaju, O.O. Ajani, K.O. Ajanaku, Corrosion inhibitive effect of 2-(1-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) ethylidene) hydrazine carboxamide on zinc-aluminum alloy in 1.8 M hydrochloric acid, Int. J. Adv. Res. Chem. Sci. 3 (2016) 15-21.
3
[4] R.D. Pruthviraj, Wear characteristics of chilled zinc-aluminium alloy reinforced with silicon carbide particulate composites, Res. J. Chem. Sci. 1 (2011) 17-24.
4
[5] S.C. Sharma, B.M. Girish, R. Kamath, B.M. Satish, Graphite particles reinforced ZA‐27 alloy composite materials for journal bearing applications, Wear, 219 (1998) 162-168.
5
[6] E.J. Kubel, Expanding horizons for ZA alloys, Advanced Materials & Processes, Metal Progress, 7 (1987) 51-57.
6
[7] S.S. Abd El-Rehim, H.H. Hassan, Corrosion inhibition of aluminum by 1,1-(laurylamido)propyl ammonium chloride in HCl solution, Mater. Chem. Phys. 70 (2001) 64-72.
7
[8] E. Chaieb A. Bouyanzer B. Hammouti, M. Benkaddour, Inhibition of the corrosion of steel in 1 M HCl by eugenol derivatives, Appl. Surf. Sci. 264 (2005) 199-206.
8
[9] S. Leelavathi, R. Rajalakshmi, Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Leaves extract as acid corrosion inhibitor for steel- A green approach, J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 4 (2013) 625-638.
9
[10] I.B. Obot, N.O. Obi-Egbedi, S.A. Umoren, Anti-fungal drugs as corrosion inhibitors for aluminium in 0.1 M HCl, Corros. Sci. 51 (2009) 1868-1875.
10
[11] O.K. Abiola, N.C. Okafor, E.E. Ebensi, N.M. Nwinuka, Eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors: the inhibitive action of Delonix Regia extract for the corrosion of aluminium in acidic media, Anti-Corros. Method. M. 54 (2009) 19-22.
11
[12] V. Gentil, Corrosão, 4th ed., Livros Técnicos e Científicos S.A. (LTC), Rio de Janeiro, 2003.
12
[13] J. Hong, K. Zhen-Peng, Li Yan, Aminic nitrogen-bearing polydentate Schiff base compounds as corrosion inhibitors for iron in acidic media: A quantum chemical calculation, Corros. Sci. 50 (1998) 865-871.
13
[14] L.V. Ramanathan, Corrosão e seu controle, Hemus, São Paulo, 1988.
14
[15] L. Valek, S. Martinez, Copper corrosion inhibition by Azadirachta indica leaves extract in 0.5 M sulphuric acid, Mater. Lett. 61 (2007) 148-151.
15
[16] P.B. Raja, M.G. Sethuraman, Atropine sulphate as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in sulphuric acid medium, Mater. Lett. 62 (2008) 1602-1604.
16
[17] P.B. Raja, M.G. Sethuraman, Inhibitive effect of black pepper extract on the sulphuric acid corrosion of mild steel, Mater. Lett. 62 (2008) 2977-2979.
17
[18] S.M. Abegunde, R.O. Ayodele-Oduola, Comparison of efficiency of different solvents used for the extraction of phytochemicals from the leaf, seed and stem bark of Calotropis Procera, Int. J. Sci. Res. 4 (2015) 835-838.
18
[19] ASTM G1-03, Standard practice for preparing, cleaning, and evaluating corrosion test specimens, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011.
19
[20] H.T. Ibrahim, A.Z. Mohamed, Corrosion inhibition of mild steel using Fig leaves extract in hydrochloric acid solution, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 6 (2011) 6442 -6455.
20
[21] E.A. Noor, Temperature effects on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic solutions by aqueous extract of Fenugreek leaves, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 3 (2007) 996-1017.
21
[22] H.B. Lokesh, P.F. Sanaulla, V.B. Bheema, An electrochemical investigation on the corrosion behavior of ZA-27 alloy in 1 M Na2SO4 in the presence of cationic surfactants as inhibitors, IOSR J. Hum. Soc. Sci. 19 (2001) 9-20.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Numerical simulation of nanofluids flow and heat transfer through isosceles triangular channels
Nanofluids are stable suspensions of nanoparticles in conventional heat transfer fluids (base fluids) that exhibit better thermal characteristics compared to those of the base fluids. It is important to clarify various aspects of nanofluids behavior. In order to identify the thermal and hydrodynamic behavior of nanofluids flowing through non-circular ducts, in the present study the laminar flow forced convective heat transfer of Al2O3/water nanofluid thorough channels with isosceles triangle cross section with constant wall heat flux was studied numerically. The effects of nanoparticle concentration, nanofluid flow rate and geometry of channels on the thermal and hydrodynamic behavior of nanofluids were studied. The single-phase model was used in simulations under steady state conditions. Results reveal that the local and average heat transfer coefficients of nanofluids are greater than those of the base fluid. Heat transfer coefficient enhancement of nanofluids increases with increase in nanoparticle concentration and Reynolds number. The local heat transfer coefficient of the base fluid and that of the nanofluids decrease with the axial distance from the channel inlet. Results also indicate that an increase in the apex angle of the channel, decreases the Nusselt number and heat transfer coefficient. The wall friction coefficient decreases with increasing axial distance from the channel inlet and approaches a constant value in the developed region. Friction coefficient and pressure drop decrease by increasing the apex angle of the channels.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_689_6667a5acc2f0d83b88746a77a888a977.pdf
2018-07-20
29
38
10.22104/jpst.2018.2905.1124
Nanofluids
heat transfer coefficient
Nusselt Number
Numerical simulation
Triangular duct
Mehri
Hejri
mehri.hejri@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University Quchan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Hojjat
m.hojjat@eng.ui.ac.ir
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed Gholamreza
Etemad
etemad@cc.iut.ac.ir
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111 Iran International Academy of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Ottawa, Canada
AUTHOR
[1] J.C. Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK, 1881.
1
[2] R. Lotfi, Y. Saboohi, A.M. Rashidi, Numerical study of forced convective heat transfer of nanofluids: Comparison of different approaches, Int. Commun. Heat Mass, 37 (2010) 74-78.
2
[3] M. Saberi, M. Kalbasi, A. Alipourzade, Numerical study of forced convective heat transfer of nanofluids inside a vertical tube, Int. J. Therm. Technol. 3 (2013) 10-15.
3
[4] V. Bianco, O. Manca, S. Nardini, Numerical Simulation of water/Al2O3 nanofluid turbulent convection, Adv. Mech. Eng. 2 (2010) Article ID 976254.
4
[5] V. Bianco, O. Manca, S. Nardini, Numerical investigation on nanofluids turbulent convection heat transfer inside a circular tube, Int. J. Therm. Sci. 50 (2011) 341-349.
5
[6] M. Nazififard, M. Nematollahi, K. Jafarpur, K.Y. Suh, Numerical simulation of water-based alumina nanofluid in subchannel geometry, Sci. Technol. Nucl. Ins. 2012 (2012) Article ID 928406.
6
[7] M. Rostamani, S.F. Hosseinizadeh, M. Gorji, J.M. Khodadadi, Numerical study of turbulent forced convection flow of nanofluids in a long horizontal duct considering variable properties, Int. Commun. Heat Mass, 37 (2010) 1426-1431.
7
[8] M.R. Ghavam, M. Hojjat, S.G. Etemad, Numerical investigation on forced convection heat transfer of nanofluids through isosceles triangular ducts, in: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Nanotechnology: Fundamentals and Applications, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2012.
8
[9] E. Ebrahimnia-Bajestan, H. Niazmand, W. Duangthongsuk, S. Wongwises, Numerical investigation of effective parameters in convective heat transfer of nanofluids flowing under a laminar flow regime, Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 54 (2011) 4376-4388.
9
[10] S. Mirmasoumi, A. Behzadmehr, Numerical study of laminar mixed convection of a nanofluid in a horizontal tube using two-phase mixture model, Appl. Therm. Eng. 28 (2008) 717-727.
10
[11] P.K. Namburu, D.K. Das, K.M. Tanguturi, R.S. Vajjha, Numerical study of turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids considering variable properties, Int. J. Therm. Sci. 48 (2009) 290-302.
11
[12] S.E.B. maïga, C.T. Nguyen, N. Galanis, G. Roy, Heat transfer behaviours of nanofluids in a uniformly heated tube, Superlattice. Microst. 35 (2004) 543-557.
12
[13] S.E.B. Maïga, S.J. Palm, C.T. Nguyen, G. Roy, N. Galanis, Heat transfer enhancement by using nanofluids in forced convection flows, Int. J. Heat Fluid Fl. 26 (2005) 530-546.
13
[14] S. Tahir, M. Mital, Numerical investigation of laminar nanofluid developing flow and heat transfer in a circular channel, Appl. Therm. Eng. 39 (2012) 8-14.
14
[15] M. Nuim Labib, M.J. Nine, H. Afrianto, H. Chung, H. Jeong, Numerical investigation on effect of base fluids and hybrid nanofluid in forced convective heat transfer, Int. J. Therm. Sci. 71 (2013) 163-171.
15
[16] A. Azari, M. Kalbasi, M. Rahimi, CFD and experimental investigation on the heat transfer characteristics of alumina nanofluids under the laminar flow regime, Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 31 (2014) 469-481.
16
[17] M. Izadi, A. Behzadmehr, D. Jalali-Vahida, Numerical study of developing laminar forced convection of a nanofluid in an annulus, Int. J. Therm. Sci. 48 (2009) 2119-2129.
17
[18] M. Shariat, A. Akbarinia, A.H. Nezhad, A. Behzadmehr, R. Laur, Numerical study of two phase laminar mixed convection nanofluid in elliptic ducts, Appl. Therm. Eng. 31 (2011) 2348-2359.
18
[19] S.G. Etemad, M. Hojjat, J. Thibault, J.B. Haelssig, Heat transfer of nanofluids through a Square channel: A numerical study, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Nanotechnology: Fundamentals and Applications, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2010.
19
[20] S. Zeinali Heris, A. Kazemi-Beydokhti, S.H. Noie, S. Rezvan, Numerical Study on Convective Heat Transfer of Al2O3/Water, CuO/Water and Cu/Water Nanofluids through Square Cross-Section Duct in Laminar Flow, Eng. Appl. Comp. Fluid, 6 (2012) 1-14.
20
[21] P.R. Mashaei, S.M. Hosseinalipour, M.B.M. Dirani, 3-D Numerical simulation of nanofluid laminar forced convection in a channel with localized heating, Aust. J. Bas. Appl. Sci. 6 (2012) 479-489.
21
[22] M.K. Abdolbaqi, C.S.N. Azwadi, R. Mamat, Heat transfer augmentation in the straight channel by using nanofluids, Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 3 (2014) 59-67.
22
[23] S.Z. Heris, F. Oghazian, M. Khademi, E. Saeedi, Simulation of convective heat transfer and pressure drop in laminar flow of Al2O3/water and CuO/water nanofluids through square and triangular cross-sectional ducts, J. Renew. Energ. Environ. 2 (2015) 6-18.
23
[24] T. Nassan, S. Zeinali Heris, S.H. Noie Baghban, A comparison of experimental heat transfer characteristics for Al2O3/water and CuO/water nanofluids in square cross-section duct, Int. Commun. Heat Mass, 37 (2010) 924-928.
24
[25] B. Mehrjou, S.Z. Heris, K. Mohamadifard, Experimental study of CuO/Water nanofluid turbulent convective heat transfer in square cross-section duct, Exp. Heat Transfer, 28 (2015) 282-297.
25
[26] R.-Y. Jou, S.-C. Tzeng, Numerical research of nature convective heat transfer enhancement filled with nanofluids in rectangular enclosures, Int. Commun. Heat Mass, 33 (2006) 727-736.
26
[27] S. Zeinali Heris, S.H. Noie, E. Talaii, J. Sargolzaei, Numerical investigation of Al2O3/water nanofluid laminar convective heat transfer through triangular ducts, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 6 (2011) 179.
27
[28] H.E. Ahmed, M.I. Ahmed, M.Z. Yusoff, Heat transfer enhancement in a triangular duct using compound nanofluids and turbulators, Appl. Therm. Eng. 91 (2015) 191-201.
28
[29] H.E. Ahmed, M.Z. Yusoff, M.N.A. Hawlader, M.I. Ahmed, B.H. Salman, A.S. Kerbeet, Turbulent heat transfer and nanofluid flow in a triangular duct with vortex generators, Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 105 (2017) 495-504.
29
[30] S.Z. Heris, Z. Edalati, S.H. Noie, O. Mahian, Experimental investigation of Al2O3/water nanofluid through equilateral triangular duct with constant wall heat flux in laminar flow, Heat Transfer Eng. 35 (2014) 1173-1182.
30
[31] S.Z. Heris, F. Ahmadi, O. Mahian, Pressure drop and performance characteristics of water-based Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids in a triangular duct, J. Disper. Sci. Technol. 34 (2013) 1368-1375.
31
[32] B.C. Pak, Y.I. Cho, Hydrodynamic and heat transfer study of dispersed fluids with submicron metallic oxide particles, Exp. Heat Transfer, 11 (1998) 151-170.
32
[33] R.K. Shah, A.L. London, Laminar Flow Forced Convection in Ducts, Academic Press, New York, 1978.
33
[34] S.G. Etemad, Laminar Heat transfer to viscous non-Newtonian fluids in non-circular ducts, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 1995.
34
[35] S.G. Etemad, A.S. Mujumdar, R. Nassef, Simultaneously developing flow and heat transfer of non-Newtonian fluids in equilateral triangular duct, Appl. Math. Model. 20 (1996) 898-908.
35
[36] Y.A. Çengel, J.M. Cimbala, Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Boston, 2006.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of microwave radiation on grinding kinetics by selection function and breakage function - A case study of low-grade siliceous manganese ores
In this study, the effect of microwave radiation on grindability and grinding kinetics were investigated. Microwave treatment was performed using an oven with 1100 W power and 2.45 GHz frequency. In order to study the breakage mechanism the grindability from the standard Bond ball mill work index (BBMWI) test was used with the selection function and breakage function as grinding parameters for treated and untreated samples. Based on the results of grindability, the work index (Wi) of a standard Bond ball mill after 4 min of microwave radiation decreased from 12.46 kWh/t to 6.45 kWh/t. selection function results showed that the specific rate of breakage (Si) value for the size fraction -3350+2360 µm increased to 8.42% after microwave treatment. Cumulative breakage function results showed that microwave-treated products were coarser in comparison with untreated products. This phenomenon is more significant in coarse fractions, where the effect of microwave treatment is more obvious.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_690_31c799cc11c703bf121afc46c6209b49.pdf
2018-08-07
39
47
10.22104/jpst.2018.2992.1129
Microwave treatment
Work index
Grindability
Specific rate of breakage
Siliceous manganese ore
Monireh
Heshami
heshami.m65@gmail.com
1
Department of Mining Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin
AUTHOR
Rahman
Ahmadi
ra.ahmadi@eng.ikiu.ac.ir
2
Department of Mining Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin
LEAD_AUTHOR
Esmaeil
Rahimi
se_rahimi@azad.ac.ir
3
Department of Mining Engineering, Islamic Azad University- South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] G. Sheng-Hui, C.H. Guo, P. Jin-Hui, J. Chen, L. Dong-Bo, L. Li-Jun, Microwave assisted grinding of ilmenite ore, T. Nonferr. Metal. Soc. 21 (2011) 2122-2126.
1
[2] K. Barani, S.M.J. Koleini, B. Rezaei, Magnetic properties of an iron ore sample after microwave heating, Sep. Purif. Technol. 76 (2011) 331-336.
2
[3] C. Cirpar, Heat treatment of iron ore agglomerates with microwave energy. Ms Thesis, Science in Mining Engineering, 2005.
3
[4] D.A. Jones, T.P. Lelyveld, S.D. Mavrofidis, S.W. Kingman, N.J. Miles, Microwave heating applications in environmental engineering- A review, Resour. Conserv. Recy. 34 (2002) 75-90.
4
[5] D.A. Jones, S.W. Kingman, D.N. Whittles, I.S. Lowndes, The influence of microwave energy delivery method on strength reduction in ore samples, Chem. Eng. Process. 46 (2007) 291-299.
5
[6] S.W. Kingman, K. Jackson, S.M. Bradshaw, N.A. Rowson, R. Greenwood, An investigation into the influence of microwave treatment on mineral ore comminution, Powder Technol. 146 (2004) 176-184.
6
[7] M.F. Eskibalcl, S.G. Ozkan, An investigation of effect of microwave energy on electrostatic separation of Colemanite and ulexite, Miner. Eng. 31 (2012) 90-97.
7
[8] A.M. Imahdy, M. Farahat, T. Hirajima, Comparison between the effect of microwave irradiation and conventional heat treatments on the magnetic properties of chalcopyrite and pyrite, Advanced Powder Technol. 27 (2016) 2424-2431.
8
[9] K.E. Waters, N.A. Rowson, R.W. Greenwood, A.J. Williams, The effect of heat treatment on the magnetic properties of pyrite, Miner. Eng. 21 (2008) 679-682.
9
[10] W. Xia, J. Yang, C. Liang, Effect of microwave pretreatment on oxidized coal flotation, Powder Technol. 233 (2013) 186-189.
10
[11] M. Ai-Harahsheh, S.W. Kingman, N. Hankins, C. Somerfield, S. Bradshaw, W. Louw, The influence of microwaves on the leaching kinetics of Chalcopyrite, Miner. Eng. 18 (2005) 1259-1268.
11
[12] S.W. Kingman, K. Jackson, A. Cumbane, S.W. Bradshaw, N.A. Rowson, R. Greenwood, Recent developments in microwave-assisted comminution, Int. J. Miner. Process. 74 (2004) 71-83.
12
[13] L. Sikong, T. Bunsin, Mechanical property and cutting rate of microwave treated granite rock, Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. 31 (2009) 447-452.
13
[14] S. Song, E.F. Campos-Toro, A. Lopez-Valdivieso, Formation of micro-fractures on an Oolitic iron ore under microwave treatment and its effect on selective fragmentation, Powder Technol. 243 (2013) 155-160.
14
[15] B.K. Sahoo, S. De, B.C. Meikap, Improvement of grinding characteristics of Indian coal by microwave pre-treatment, Fuel Process. Technol. 92 (2011) 920-1928.
15
[16] S.M.J. Koleini, K. Barani, B. Rezaei, The effect of microwave treatmeant on dry grinding kinetics of ore, Min. Process. Ext. Met. Rev. 33 (2012) 159-169.
16
[17] N.L. Weiss, SME Mineral Processing Handbook, Society of Mining Engineers AIME, New York, 1985.
17
[18] S.M.J. Koleini and K. Barani, Microwave Heating Applications in Mineral Processing, 2012.
18
[19] K.E. Haque, Microwave energy for mineral treatment processes - A brief review, Int. J. Miner. Process. 57 (1999) 1-24.
19
[20] L.G. Austin, R.R. Klimpel, P.T. Lucki, Process Engineering of Size Reductions: In Methods for Direct Experimental Determination of the Breakage Functions. Chapter.9, New York: SME-AIME, 1984.
20
[21] L.G. Austin and P.T. Luckie, Methods for determination of breakage distribution parameters, Powder Technol. 5 (1971) 215-222.
21
[22] A, Farzanegan, Knowledge-based optimization of mineral grinding circuits. PhD Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, 1988.
22
[23] L.G. Austin, K. Julianelli, C.L. Schneider, Simulation of wet ball milling of iron ore at Carajas, Brazil [J], Int. J. Miner. Process. 84 (2007) 157-171.
23
[24] L.G. Austin, P. Bagga, M. Celik, Breakage properties of some materials in a laboratory ball mill, Powder Technol. 28 (1981) 235-241.
24
[25] L.G. Austin, A review introduction to the mathematical description of grinding as rate process, Powder Technol. 5 (1972) 1-17.
25
[26] V. Bozkurt, I. Ozgur, Dry grinding kinetics of Colemanite, Powder Technol. 176 (2007) 88-92.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of CdO nanocatalyst in the acetylation of benzyl alcohols and degradation of sulfathiazole as a green approach
In this study, CdO nanoparticles (CdO NPs) were prepared with a template. The nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The XRD pattern revealed that the final product has a cubic phase and its particle size diameter is 36.4 nm. The morphology of CdO is nanospherical. The catalytic activity of a CdO nanoparticle in the acetylation of benzyl alcohols was studied. The formation of products proceeds on the catalysts with predominantly strong base sites. The degradation of sulfathiazole antibiotic in the presence of CdO NPs was also investigated under ultraviolet irradiation. Various experimental parameters, such as initial sulfathiazole concentrations, initial CdO concentration and initial pH, were investigated. According to the results, this method has the potential to perform well in the removal of sulfathiazole.
https://jpst.irost.ir/article_692_4e1086725cb35317ceb4fe47abc93470.pdf
2018-08-19
49
57
10.22104/jpst.2018.2941.1126
Nanospherical
CdO
Nanoparticel
Acetylation
Sulfathiazole
Degradation
Mona
Masoudinia
1
Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Azar
Bagheri Ghomi
azbagheri@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] A.J. Varkey, A.F. Fort, Transparent conducting cadmium oxide thin films prepared by a solution growth technique, Thin Solid Films, 239 (1994) 211-213.
1
[2] M.A. Grado-Caffaro, M. Grado-Caffaro, A quantitative discussion on band-gap energy and carrier density of CdO in terms of temperature and oxygen partial pressure, Phys. Lett. A, 372 (2008) 4858-4860.
2
[3] F. Yakuphanoglu, Nanocluster n-CdO thin film by sol-gel for solar cell applications, Appl. Surf. Sci. 257 (2010) 1413-1419.
3
[4] A.S. Kamble, R.C. Pawar, J.Y. Patil, S.S. Suryavanshi, P.S. Patil, From nanowires to cubes of CdO: Ethanol gas response, J. Alloy. Compd. 509 (2011) 1035-1039.
4
[5] R.K. Gupta, K. Ghosh, R. Patel, P.K. Kahol, Low temperature processed highly conducting, transparent, and wide bandgap Gd doped CdO thin films for transparent electronics, J. Alloy. Compd. 509 (2011) 4146-4149.
5
[6] G. Singh, I. P.S. Kapoor, R. Dubey, P. Srivastava, Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of CdO nanocrystals, Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Adv. 176 (2011) 121-126.
6
[7] J. Li, Y. Ni, J. Liu, J. Hong, Preparation, conversion, and comparison of the photocatalytic property of Cd(OH)2, CdO, CdS and CdSe, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 70 (2009) 1285-1289.
7
[8] A.A. Dakhel, Influence of annealing in nitrogen on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of CdO films doped with samarium, Mater. Chem. Phys. 117 (2009) 284-287.
8
[9] C. Qiu, X. Xiao, R. Liu, Biomimetic synthesis of spherical nano-hydroxyapatite in the presence of poly ethylene glycol, Ceram. Int. 34 (2008) 1747-1751.
9
[10] A. Askarinejad, A. Morsali, Syntheses and characterization of CdCO3 and CdO nanoparticles by using a sonochemical method, Mater. Lett. 62 (2008) 478-482.
10
[11] Y. Liu, C. Yin, W. Wang, Y. Zhan, G. Wang, Synthesis of cadmium oxide nanowires by calcining precursors prepared in a novel inverse microemulsion, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 21 (2002) 137-139.
11
[12] B.S. Zou, V.V. Volkov, Z. Wang, Optical properties of amorphous ZnO, CdO, and PbO nanoclusters in solution, Chem. Mater. 11 (1999) 3037-3043.
12
[13] L. Osiglio, G. Romanelli, M. Blanco, Alcohol acetylation with acetic acid using borated zirconia as catalyst, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. 316 (2010) 52-58.
13
[14] T.W. Green, P.G.M. Wutz, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York, 1991.
14
[15] P. Kumar, R. Pandey, M. Bodas, S. Dagade, M. Dongare, A. Ramaswamy, Acylation of alcohols, thiols and amines with carboxylic acids catalyzed by yttria-zirconia-based Lewis acid, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. 181 (2002) 207-213.
15
[16] W. Steglich, G. Hofle, N,N‐Dimethyl‐4‐pyridin amine, a very effective acylation catalyst, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 8 (1969) 981.
16
[17] E. Vedejs, S.T. Diver, Tributylphosphine: a remarkable acylation catalyst, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 3358-3359.
17
[18] E.F.V. Scriven, 4-Dialkylaminopyridines: super acylation and alkylation catalysts, Chem. Soc. Rev. 12 (1983) 129-161.
18
[19] S. Tomohumi, O. Kousaburo, O. Takashi, Remarkably fast acylation of alcohols with benzoyl chloride promoted by TMEDA, Synthesis, (1999) 1141-1144.
19
[20] A. Orita, C. Tanahashi, A. Kakuda, J. Otera, Highly efficient and versatile acylation of alcohols with Bi(OTf)3 as catalyst, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 39 (2000) 2877-2879.
20
[21] R. Alleti, M. Perambuduru, S. Samanha, V.P. Reddy, Gadolinium triflate: an efficient and convenient catalyst for acetylation of alcohols and amines, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. 226 (2005) 57-59.
21
[22] I. López, J.L. Bravo, M. Caraballo, J.L. Barneto, G. Silvero, Task-oriented use of ionic liquids: efficient acetylation of alcohols and phenolsو Tetrahedron, 52 (2011) 3339-3341.
22
[23] B. Karimi, J. Maleki, Lithium Trifluoromethane-sulfonate (LiOTf) as a recyclable catalyst for highly efficient acetylation of alcohols and diacetylation of aldehydes under mild and neutral reaction conditions, J. Org. Chem. 68 (2003) 4951-4954.
23
[24] N. Ahmed, J.E. van Lier, Molecular iodine in isopropenyl acetate (IPA): a highly efficient catalyst for the acetylation of alcohols, amines and phenols under solvent free conditions, Tetrahedron Lett. 47 (2006) 5345-5349.
24
[25] R.H. Tale, R.N. Adude, A novel 3-nitrobenzene boronic acid as an extremely mild and environmentally benign catalyst for the acetylation of alcohols under solvent-free conditions, Tetrahedron Lett. 47 (2006) 7263-7265.
25
[26] T.S. Reddy, M. Narasimhulu, N. Suryakiran, K.C. Mahesh, K. Ashalatha, Y. Venkateswarlu, A mild and efficient acetylation of alcohols, phenols and amines with acetic anhydride using La(NO3)3·6H2O as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions, Tetrahedron Lett. 47 (2006) 6825-6829.
26
[27] P. Phukan, Iodine as an extremely powerful catalyst for the acetylation of alcohols under solvent-free conditions, Tetrahedron Lett. 45 (2004) 4785-4787.
27
[28] R. Dalpozzo, A. De Nino, L. Maiuolo, A. Procopio, M. Nardi, G. Bartoli, R. Romeo, Highly efficient and versatile acetylation of alcohols catalyzed by cerium(III) triflate, Tetrahedron Lett. 44 (2003) 5621-5624.
28
[29] A. Kamal, M.N.A. Khan, K.S. Reddy, Y.V.V. Srikanth, T. Krishnaji, Al(OTf)3 as a highly efficient catalyst for the rapid acetylation of alcohols, phenols and thiophenols under solvent-free conditions, Tetrahedron Lett. 48 (2007) 3813-4818.
29
[30] S. Velusamy, S. Borpuzari, T. Punniyamurthy, Cobalt(II)-catalyzed direct acetylation of alcohols with acetic acid, Tetrahedron Lett. 61 (2005) 2011-2015.
30
[31] G. Bartoli, M. Bosco, R. Dalpozzo, E. Marcantoni, M. Massaccesi, L. Sambri, Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O as a powerful catalyst for a practical acylation of alcohols with acid anhydrides, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 32 (2003) 4611-4617.
31
[32] N. Ghaffari Khaligh, Preparation, characterization and use of poly(4-vinylpyridinium) perchlorate as a new, efficient, and versatile solid phase catalyst for acetylation of alcohols, phenols and amines, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. 363 (2012) 90-100.
32
[33] F. Rajabi, A heterogeneous cobalt(II) Salen complex as an efficient and reusable catalyst for acetylation of alcohols and phenols, Tetrahedron Lett. 50 (2009) 395-397.
33
[34] L. Osiglio, A.G. Sathicq, G.P. Romanelli, M.N. Blanco, Borated zirconia modified with ammonium metatungstate as catalyst in alcohol acetylation, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. 359 (2012) 97-103.
34
[35] A.K. Sarmah, M.T. Meyer, A.B.A. Boxall, A global perspective on the use, sales, exposure pathways, occurrence, fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in the environment, Chemosphere, 65 (2006) 725-759.
35
[36] T. Schwartz, W. Kohnen, B. Jansen, U. Obst, Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in wastewater, surface water, and drinking water biofilms, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 43 (2003) 325-335.
36
[37] T. Schwartz, H. Volkmann, S. Kirchen, W. Kohnen, K. Schon-Holz, B. Jansen, U. Obst, Real-time PCR detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical and municipal wastewater and genotyping of the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 57 (2006) 158-167.
37
[38] M. Seifrtová, A. Pena, C.M. Lino, P. Solich, Determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in hospital and municipal wastewaters in Coimbra by liquid chromatography with a monolithic column and fluorescence detection, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 391 (2008) 799-805.
38
[39] S. Jiao, S. Zheng, D. Yin, L. Wang, L. Chen, J. Environ. Sci. 20 (2008) 806-813.
39
[40] K. Kümmerer, Antibiotics in the aquatic environment- A review - Part I, Chemosphere, 75 (2009) 417-434.
40
[41] M. Klavarioti, D. Mantzavinos, D. Kassino, Removal of residual pharmaceuticals from aqueous systems by advanced oxidation processes, Environ. Int. 35 (2009) 402-417.
41
[42] V.K. Sharma, Oxidative transformations of environmental pharmaceuticals by Cl2, ClO2, O3, and Fe(VI): Kinetics assessment, Chemosphere, 73 (2008) 1379-1386.
42
[43] M.E. Fragalà, Y. Aleeva, G. Malandrino, Effects of metal-organic chemical vapour deposition grown seed layer on the fabrication of well aligned ZnO nanorods by chemical bath deposition, Thin Solid Films, 519 (2011) 7694-7701.
43
[44] N. Chopra, A. Mansingh, G.K. Chadha, Electrical, optical and structural properties of amorphous V2O5-TeO2 blown films, J. Non-cryst. Solids, 126 (1990) 194-201.
44
[45] F.A. Harraz, R.M. Mohamed, A. Shawky, I.A. Ibrahim, Composition and phase control of Ni/NiO nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of EDTA, J. Alloy. Compd. 508 (2010) 133-140.
45
[46] P. Calza, C. Medana, M. Pazzi, C. Baiocchi, E. Pelizzetti, Photocatalytic transformations of sulphonamides on titanium dioxide, Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 53 (2004) 63-69.
46
[47] M.H. Sarvari, H. Sharghi, Reactions on a solid surface. A Simple, economical and efficient Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction over zinc oxide (ZnO) as a new catalyst, J. Org. Chem. 69 (2004) 6953-6956.
47
[48] R.S. Varma, Solvent-free organic syntheses. Using supported reagents and microwave irradiation, Green Chem. 1 (1999) 43-45.
48
[49] J. Otera, Esterification: Methods, Reactions, and Applications, 1st ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2003.
49