Surface decorated magnetite nanoparticles with birhodanine and MoO2Cl2(dmf)2 as a new magnetic catalyst for epoxidation of olefins

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Abstract

In this work, the synthesis and characterization of a new magnetically supported Mo6+ complex have been reported as a catalyst for epoxidation of olefins. For this purpose, a new silylating compound containing a birhodanine moiety, i.e. [(E)-5-(3-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)-3-phenethyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one] (TMOS-BIRD) has been synthesized and used for silylation of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs). The magnetically supported catalyst was then prepared by deposition of dioxomolybdenum(VI) adduct, dichlorobis(dimethylformamide)dioxomolybdenum (MoO2Cl2(dmf)2), on MNP@BIRD. The prepared supported magnetic catalyst was characterized in detail by FT-IR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. Cyclooctene was used as a model substrate to optimize the epoxidation reaction conditions, and the prepared magnetically retrievable catalyst was then used for epoxidation of cyclohexene, cyclooctene, styrene, indene, trans-trans-cis-1,5,9-cyclododecatrien, 1-octene, 1-heptene, α-pinene, 1-dodecene and trans-stilbene using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant under solvent-free conditions. The catalyst showed excellent conversion, good turn over frequency, and a short reaction time at 95 °C for epoxidation of cyclooctene.

Graphical Abstract

Surface decorated magnetite nanoparticles with birhodanine and MoO2Cl2(dmf)2 as a new magnetic catalyst for epoxidation of olefins

Highlights

  • Synthesis and characterization of a new magnetically supported Mo6+ complex nanoparticles have been reported and used as catalyst.
  • The catalyst was used for the epoxidation of olefins, using cyclooctene as a model substrate to optimize the reaction conditions.
  • The catalyst showed excellent conversions, good turn over frequencies, and short reaction times for the epoxidation of olefins.

Keywords


[1] C.A. Gamelas, A.C. Gomes, S.M. Bruno, F.A.A. Paz, A.A. Valente, M. Pillinger, C.C. Romão, I.S. Gonçalves, Molybdenum (VI) catalysts obtained from η3-allyl dicarbonyl precursors: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance in cyclooctene epoxidation, Dalton T. 41 (2012) 3474-3484.
[2] O.A. Wong, Y. Shi, Organocatalytic oxidation. Asymmetric epoxidation of olefins catalyzed by chiral ketones and iminium salts, Chem. Rev. 108 (2008) 3958-3987.
[3] M.L. Kuznetsov, J.C. Pessoa, Epoxidation of olefins catalysed by vanadium-salan complexes: a theoretical mechanistic study, Dalton T. (2009) 5460-5468.
[4] R. Dileep, B. Rudresha, An ionic liquid immobilized copper complex for catalytic epoxidation, RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 65870-65873.
[5] Z. Shi, C. Mei, G. Niu, Q. Han, Two inorganic-organic hybrids based on a polyoxometalate: Structures, characterizations, and epoxidation of olefins, J. Coord. Chem. 71 (2018) 1460-1468.
[6] Y. Uozumi, T. Osako, Olefin epoxidation on ruthenium-exchanged hydroxyapatite, Synfacts, 14 (2018) 0544.
[7] J. Zhang, P. Jiang, Y. Shen, W. Zhang, G. Bian, Covalent anchoring of Mo(VI) Schiff base complex into SBA-15 as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for enhanced alkene epoxidation, J. Porous Mat. 23 (2016) 431-440.
[8] A. Bezaatpour, E. Askarizadeh, S. Akbarpour, M. Amiria, B. Babaei, Green oxidation of sulfides in solvent-free condition by reusable novel Mo(VI) complex anchored on magnetite as a high-efficiency nanocatalyst with eco-friendly aqueous H2O2, Mol. Catal. 436 (2017) 199-209.
[9] S. Akbarpour, A. Bezaatpour, E. Askarizadeh, M. Amiri, Covalent supporting of novel dioxo-molybdenum tetradentate pyrrole-imine complex on Fe3Oas high-efficiency nanocatalyst for selective epoxidation of olefins, Appl. Organomet. Chem. 31 (2017) e3804.
[10] N.E. Leadbeater, M. Marco, Preparation of polymer-supported ligands and metal complexes for use in catalysis, Chem. Rev. 102 (2002) 3217-3274.
[11] S.T. Firdovsi, M. Yagoub, A.E. Parvin, Transesterification reaction of dimethyl terephthalate by 2-ethylhexanol in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts under solvent-free condition, Chin. J. Chem. 25 (2007) 246-249.
[12] A. Mavrogiorgou, M. Baikousi, V. Costas, E. Mouzourakis, Y. Deligiannakis, M. Karakassides, M. Louloudi, Mn-Schiff base modified MCM-41, SBA-15 and CMK-3 NMs as single-site heterogeneous catalysts: Alkene epoxidation with H2O2 incorporation, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. 413 (2016) 40-55.
[13] P. Tayeb Oskoie, Y. Mansoori, Fe3O4@ZrO2-SO3H Nanoparticles for esterification of carboxylic acids, J. Part. Sci. Technol. 4 (2018) 1-12.
[14] H. Nagase, Studies on Fungicides. XXV. Addition reaction of dthiocarbamates to fumaronitrile, Bis (alkylthio) maleonitrile, 2,3-dicyano-5, 6-dihydro-1,4-dithiin and 4,5-dicyano-2-oxo-1,4-dithiole, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 22 (1974) 505-513.
[15] G. Baryshnikov, B. Minaev, V. Minaeva, H. Ågren, Theoretical study of the conformational structure and thermodynamic properties of 5-(4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidine-2-ylidene)-rhodanine and ethyl-5-(4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidine-2-ylidene)-rhodanine-3-acetic acid as acceptor groups of indoline dyes, J. Struct. Chem. 51 (2010) 817-823.
[16] K. Iijima, Y. Le Gal, T. Higashino, D. Lorcy, T. Mori, Birhodanines and their sulfur analogues for air-stable n-channel organic transistors, J. Mater. Chem. C, 5 (2017) 9121-9127.
[17] M. Rezaei, K. Azizi, K. Amani, Copper-birhodanine complex immobilized on Fe3Onanoparticles: DFT studies and heterogeneous catalytic applications in the synthesis of propargylamines in aqueous medium, Appl. Organomet. Chem. 32 (2018) e4120.
[18] Z. Shahedi, Y. Mansoori, Fe3O4@SiO2-SO3H nanoparticles: An efficient magnetically retrievable catalyst for esterification reactions, J. Part. Sci. Technol. 4 (2018) 67-79.
[19] F. Nasiri, Y. Mansoori, N. Rostamzadeh, Novel polyesters and polyester/Cloisite 30B nanocomposites based on a new rhodanine-based monomer, Polym. Sci. Ser. B+, 59 (2017) 268-280.
[20] E. Subasi, A. Ercag, S. Sert, O.S. Senturk, Photochemical complexation reactions of M(CO)6 (M = Cr, Mo, W) and Re(CO)5Br with rhodanine (4-thiazolidinone-2-thioxo) and 5-substituted rhodanines, Synth. React. Inorg. M. 36 (2006) 705-711.
[21] S. Rastegarzadeh, N. Pourreza, A.R. Kiasat, H. Yahyavi, Selective solid phase extraction of palladium by adsorption of its 5(p-dimethylaminobenzylidene)rhodanine complex on silica-PEG as a new adsorbent, Microchim. Acta 170 (2010) 135-140.
[22] A. Saxena, R. Upadhyay, Chemistry of the thiazolidinone alone or along with thiourea substituted amine complexes of Zinc (II), Orient. J. Chem. 28 (2012) 599-601.
[23] S. Seraj, B. Mirzayi, A. Nematollahzadeh, Superparamagnetic maghemite/polyrhodanine core/shell nanoparticles: Synthesis and characterization, Adv. Powder Technol. 25 (2014) 1520-1526.
[24] Y. Chen, S. Han, S. Yang, Q. Pu, Rhodanine stabilized gold nanoparticles for sensitive and selective detection of mercury(II), Dyes Pigments, 142 (2017) 126-131.
[25] A. Rahmaninia, Y. Mansoori, F. Nasiri, Surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of a new rhodanine‐based monomer for rapid magnetic removal of Co(II) ions from aqueous solutions, Polym. Adv. Technol. 29 (2018) 1988-2001.
[26] F. Nasiri, A. Zolali, S. Asadbegi, Solvent‐free one‐pot synthesis of 2,2′‐dithioxo‐[5,5′] bithiazolidinylidene‐4,4′‐diones, J. Heterocyclic Chem. 53 (2016) 989-992.
[27] F. Nasiri, P. Nazari, One-pot solvent-free three-component reaction between primary amines, carbon disulfide, and 5-alkylidene rhodanines: a convenient synthesis of asymmetric birhodanines, Mol. Divers. 22 (2018) 601-608.
[28] B. Monteiro, S.S. Balula, S. Gago, C. Grosso, S. Figueiredo, A.D. Lopes, A.A. Valente, M. Pillinger, J. P. Lourenço, I.S. Gonçalves, Comparison of liquid-phase olefin epoxidation catalysed by dichlorobis-(dimethylformamide) dioxomolybdenum (VI) in homogeneous phase and grafted onto MCM-41, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. 297 (2009) 110-117.
[29] Y. Mansoori, A. Khodayari, A. Banaei, M. Mirzaeinejad, Y. Azizian-Kalandaragh, M. Pooresmaeil, Fe3O4-PVAc nanocomposites: surface modification of sonochemically prepared magnetite nanoparticles via chemical grafting of poly (vinyl acetate), RSC Adv. 6 (2016) 48676-48683.
[30] A. Alizadeh, S. Rostamnia, N. Zohreh, R. Hosseinpour, A simple and effective approach to the synthesis of rhodanine derivatives via three-component reactions in water, Tetrahedron Lett. 50 (2009) 1533-1535.
[31] M. Mirzaeinejad, Y. Mansoori, M. Amiri, Amino functionalized ATRP-prepared polyacrylamide-g-magnetite nanoparticles for the effective removal of Cu(II) ions: Kinetics investigations, Mater. Chem. Phys. 205 (2018) 195-205.
[32] G.R. Ferreira, T. Segura, F.G. de Souza Jr, A.P. Umpierre, F. Machado, Synthesis of poly (vinyl acetate)-based magnetic polymer microparticles, Eur. Polym. J. 48 (2012) 2050-2069.
[33] J. Topich, Ligand control of the redox properties of dioxomolybdenum(VI) coordination complexes, Inorg. Chem. 20 (1981) 3704-3707.
[34] J.D. Hanawalt, H.W. Rinn, L.K. Frevel, Chemical Analysis by X-Ray Diffraction, Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 10 (1938) 457-512.
[35] J. Choubey, A.K. Bajpai, Investigation on magnetically controlled delivery of doxorubicin from superparamagnetic nanocarriers of gelatin crosslinked with genipin, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. M. 21 (2010) 1573-1586.
[36] C. Basavaraja, E.A. Jo, D.S. Huh, Characterization and magnetic properties of conducting poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-capped magnetite nanocomposite Langmuir-Schaefer films, Mater. Lett. 64 (2010) 762-764.
[37] B. Babaei, A. Bezaatpour, M. Amiri, S. Szunerits, R. Boukherroub, Magnetically reusable MnFe2O4 nanoparticles modified with oxo-peroxo Mo(VI) Schiff base complexes: A high efficiency catalyst for olefin epoxidation under solvent-free conditions, ChemistrySelect, 3 (2018) 2877-2881.
[38] M. Zare, Z. Moradi-Shoeili, M. Bagherzadeh, S. Akbayrak, S. Özkar, Immobilization of a molybdenum complex on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles for the catalytic epoxidation of olefins, New J. Chem., 40 (2016) 1580-1586.
[39] J. Morlot, N. Uyttebroeck, D. Agustin, R. Poli, Solvent‐free epoxidation of olefins catalyzed by “[MoO2 (SAP)]”: A new mode of tert‐butylhydroperoxide activation, ChemCatChem, 5 (2013) 601-611.
[40] W. Wang, T. Guerrero, S.R. Merecias, H. García-Ortega, R. Santillan, J.-C. Daran, N. Farfán, D. Agustin, R. Poli, Substituent effects on solvent-free epoxidation catalyzed by dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes supported by ONO Schiff base ligands, Inorg. Chim. Acta 431 (2015) 176-183.
[41] A. Blanckenberg, R. Malgas-Enus, Olefin epoxidation with metal-based nanocatalysts, Catal. Rev. 61 (2019) 27-83.